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Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder - 1815 Words

Introduction Lithium is the medication most extensively used to treat the mania and depression of Bipolar I. However, due to the high incidence of inadequate preventive response, as well as a host of undesirable side effects and a narrow therapeutic index, health care providers have sought other mood stabilizing medications for either monotherapy or use with Lithium. One such medication is Carbamazepine, used either in monotherapy or in combination with other medications. While pharmacotherapy is classically used to treat Bipolar I Disorder, health care providers are finding that psychosocial treatments can assist in more effective treatment of some facets of the disease, encouraging patient collaboration, participation and education, which ultimately may enhance long-term mood stabilization, occupational and social functioning, and quality of life. Body: Lithium in the Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder, including Parameters and Strength of Evidence Supporting Treatment. Lithium is the medication most extensively used to treat the mania and depression of Bipolar I. Marketed under the brand names of Eskalith or Lithobid (Martin, 2011), Lithium is often prescribed as maintenance therapy due to its highly-reported success in reducing the frequency/severity of mania, preventing mania, lessening depression and reducing the risk of suicide (Wyatt, 2011). What is more, researchers have found that the earlier Lithium is used, the higher the reduction of morbidity amongShow MoreRelatedBipolar Dissorder: A Brief Summary Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe event of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. Records have shown that this problem can appear in almost anyone. It is clear that in our social world many people live with bipolar disorder. Regardless of the number of people suffering from the disease, we are still waiting for an explanation regarding the causes and cure. 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P1 Identifying the Documents Used to Record Business Transactions Free Essays

P1 Identifying the Documents Used to Record Business Transactions 1. Issue of a Purchase Order A  purchase order (PO)  is document issued by the buyer  to the  seller, indicating types, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services the seller will provide to the buyer. Sending a purchase order to a supplier is a legal offer to buy products or services. We will write a custom essay sample on P1 Identifying the Documents Used to Record Business Transactions or any similar topic only for you Order Now If the seller agrees to selling to the buyer it forms a contract between the two. It should include: * The order number, so it can be traced and matched with invoices and statements * The purchasers name and address which is usually across the middle of the document * The price The name and address of the supplier * The catalogue/reference number * Authorisation i. e. signature and date * A description of the goods required The Delivery Address May Be Different Companies use Purchase Orders for several reasons: price * Purchase orders allow buyers to clearly and explicitly communicate their intentions to sellers * Sellers are protected in case of a buyer’s refusal to pay for goods or services * Purchase orders help a purchasing agent to manage incoming orders and pending orders If The Order Is Not Properly Authorised It Will Not Be Processed 2. Delivery Note This is the document is sent with the goods. It lists the items which have been sent. The buyer uses this to check the goods ordered have arrived. It is signed by the buyer and it is then sent back to the seller as a proof of delivery. The person receiving the goods signs it after checked the quantity of the goods delivered. Information on the Delivery Note: * The method of delivery * Purchase order number * The signature of the person receiving the goods * The catalogue number and quantity The Price Is Usually Not On the Delivery Note 3. Invoice An  invoice is a document issued by a  seller  to the  buyer, indicating the  products, quantities, and agreed  prices  for products or  services  the seller has provided the buyer. An invoice indicates the sale transaction only. Payment terms are usually included on the invoice. The buyer can also have a maximum number of days in which to pay for these goods and is sometimes offered a discount if paid before the due date. This is probably the most important document. This is an official request for payment. It includes: * The Word  Invoice * A Unique Reference Number In Case Of Correspondence About The Invoice * Date of the Invoice. Tax Payments * Name And Contact Details Of The Seller * Tax Or Company Registration Details Of Seller * Name And Contact Details Of The Buyer * Date That The Product Was Sent Or Delivered * Purchase Order  Number * Description Of The Products * Total Amount Charged – optionally with breakdown of taxes, if relevant * Payment T erms – method of payment, date of payment, and details about charges for late payment * The Purchase Order Number – the invoice is checked against the goods ordered, the invoice and the goods delivered, the process is called â€Å"marrying up†. The buyer only pays if all three documents match exactly. Terms – this informs the buyer how long before he has to pay for the goods. The amount of cash discount for fast payment will also be stated. * Carriage – this states the cost of transportation the seller has to pay. Carriage forward means how much the buyer has to pay for transportation * E ; OE – â€Å"errors and omissions expected† this allows the seller to correct any mistakes on the invoice at a later date. * Trade Discount – this amount will be deducted from the invoice price e. g. buying in bulk. * Value Added Tax (VAT) – this is added to the cost of the goods on the invoice. Read also Recording General Fund Operating Budget and Operating Transactions The VAT registration number should be on the invoice, usually below the name and address. * Invoice Number – it will identify a specific invoice for the buyer and seller. Pro Forma Invoice VAT It means for forms sake. It is sent to a new customer, or an existing customer who has been late making a payment It is sent to the buyer before the goods are delivered The details are the same as on an ordinary invoice. The goods are delivered after the payment has been made. When the goods are paid for a normal invoice is issued. It sets out charges which have to be paid in advance. Debit Note This is issued by the seller and sent to the buyer. It Is Essentially an Additional Invoice It is used to correct errors e. g. if goods were invoiced at a lower price than it should been or if some goods were over charged. 4. Credit Note A  credit  note is a document issued by a  seller  to a  buyer. The seller usually issues a credit memo for the same or lower amount than the invoice, and then repays the money to the buyer or sets it off against a balance due from other transactions. A credit note lists the products, quantities and agreed prices for products or services the seller provided the buyer, but the buyer returned or did not receive. It may be issued in the case of damaged goods, errors or allowances. In respect of the previously issued invoice, a Credit Memo will reduce or eliminate the amount the buyer has to pay. Reasons for issuing a credit note: * To correct a mistake e. g. being over charged * Goods are faulty or damaged * The goods were not delivered * The wrong goods were delivered Details on the credit note include: The date * The original invoice number * Date * The reason credit is being given * The addresses of the buyer and seller It Is Often Printed In Red 5. Statement The seller sends all regular customers a statement at the end of the month. This Is a Copy of The Customer’s Accounts in The Sales Ledger. It lists all transactions with customers during the month: * Any payments received * All invoices issued * It shows outstanding ba lance * Any credit note issued Details include: * Date * Details of invoices issued * The name and address of the customers The customer’s account number * The name and address of the supplier * Any credit note issued * Any payments made * The amount outstanding i. e. the balance 6. Goods Received Note(GRN) This is an internal document used by the buyer, usually in the stock department to record goods being delivered. Copies are sent to various parts of the business: * The department that ordered the goods, to let them know that goods have arrived * The accounts department so they can â€Å"marry† the invoice, the purchase order and the GRN * The purchasing department who placed the order. How to cite P1 Identifying the Documents Used to Record Business Transactions, Papers

Key Features of a Bond Essay Example For Students

Key Features of a Bond Essay A. What are the key features of a bond? answer:if possible, begin this lecture by showing students an actual bond certificate. We show a real coupon bond with physical coupons. These can no longer be issuedit is too easy to evade taxes, especially estate taxes, with bearer bonds. All bonds today must be registered, and registered bonds dont have physical coupons. 1. Par or face value. We generally assume a $1,000 par value, but par can be anything, and often $5,000 or more is used. With registered bonds, which is what are issued today, if you bought $50,000 worth, that amount would appear on the certificate. 2. Coupon rate. The dollar coupon is the rent on the money borrowed, which is generally the par value of the bond. The coupon rate is the annual interest payment divided by the par value, and it is generally set at the value of k on the day the bond is issued. To illustrate, the required rate of return on one of southern bells bonds was 11 percent when they were issued, so the coupon rate was set at 11 percent. If the company were to float a new issue today, the coupon rate would be set at the going rate today (october 1998), which would be about 7. 4%. 3. Maturity. This is the number of years until the bond matures and the issuer must repay the loan (return the par value). The southern bell bonds had a 30-year maturity when they were issued, but the maturity declines by 1 year each year after their issue. 4. Issue date. The southern bell bonds were issued in 1977, when interest rates were higher than they are today. 5. Default risk is inherent in all bonds except treasury bondswill the issuer have the cash to make the promised payments? Bonds are rated from aaa to d, and the lower the rating the riskier the bond, the higher its default risk premium, and, consequently, the higher its required rate of return, k. Southern bell is rated aaa. B. What are call provisions and sinking fund provisions? Do these provisions make bonds more or less risky? Answer:a call provision is a provision in a bond contract that gives the issuing corporation the right to redeem the bonds under specified terms prior to the normal maturity date. The call provision generally states that the company must pay the bondholders an amount greater than the par value if they are called. The additional sum, which is called a call premium, is typically set equal to one years interest if the bonds are called during the first year, and the premium declines at a constant rate of int/n each year thereafter. A sinking fund provision is a provision in a bond contract that requires the issuer to retire a portion of the bond issue each year. A sinking fund provision facilitates the orderly retirement of the bond issue. The call privilege is valuable to the firm but potentially detrimental to the investor, especially if the bonds were issued in a period when interest rates were cyclically high. Therefore, bonds with a call provision are riskier than those without a call provision. Accordingly, the interest rate on a new issue of callable bonds will exceed that on a new issue of noncallable bonds. Although sinking funds are designed to protect bondholders by ensuring that an issue is retired in an orderly fashion, it must be recognized that sinking funds will at times work to the detriment of bondholders. On balance, however, bonds that provide for a sinking fund are regarded as being safer than those without such a provision, so at the time they are issued sinking fund bonds have lower coupon rates than otherwise similar bonds without sinking funds. D. How is the value of a bond determined? What is the value of a 10-year, $1,000 par value bond with a 10 percent annual coupon if its required rate of return is 10 percent? Answer:a bond has a specific cash flow pattern consisting of a stream of constant interest payments plus the return of par at maturity. The annual coupon payment is the cash flow: pmt = (coupon rate) ? par value) = 0. 1($1,000) = $100. For a 10-year, 10 percent annual coupon bond, the bonds value is found as follows: 0 1 2 3 9 10 | | | | †¢ †¢ †¢ | | 100 100 100 100 100 90. 91 + 1,000 82. 64 . . . 38. 55 385. 54 1,000. 00 Expressed as an equation, we have: Or: vb = $100(pvifa10%,10) + $1,000(pvif10%,10) = $100 ((1- 1/(1+. 1)10)/0. 10) + $1,000 (1/(1+0. 10)10). The bond consists of a 10-year, 10% annuity of $100 per year plus a $1,000 lump sum payment at t = 10: v annuity = $ 614. 46 pv maturity value = 385. 54 value of bond = $1,000. 00 The mathematics of bond valuation is programmed into financial calculators which do the operation in one step, so the easy way to solve bond valuation problems is with a financial calculator. Input n = 10, kd = i = 10, pmt = 100, and fv = 1000, and then press pv to find the bonds value, $1,000. Then change n from 10 to 1 and press pv to get the value of the 1-year bond, which is also $1,000. K. Suppose a 10-year, 10 percent, semiannual coupon bond with a par value of $1,000 is currently selling for $1,135. 0, producing a nominal yield to maturity of 8 percent. However, the bond can be called after 5 years for a price of $1,050. K. 1. What is the bonds nominal yield to call (ytc)? Answer:if the bond were called, bondholders would receive $1,050 at the end of year 5. Thus, the time line would look li ke this: 0 1 2 3 4 5 | | | | | | 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 1,050 pv1 . pv4 pv5c pv5cp 1,135. 90 = sum of pvs The easiest way to find the ytc on this bond is to input values into your calculator: n = 10; pv = -1135. 90; pmt = 50; and fv = 1050, which is the par value plus a call premium of $50; and then press the k = i button to find i = 3. 765%. However, this is the 6-month rate, so we would find the nominal rate on the bond as follows: Knom = 2(3. 765%) = 7. 5301% ? 7. 5%. This 7. 5% is the rate brokers would quote if you asked about buying the bond. You could also calculate the ear on the bond: Ear = (1. 03765)2 1 = 7. 672%. .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .postImageUrl , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:hover , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:visited , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:active { border:0!important; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:active , .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720 .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54178860fc78d74d3c1f997373348720:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: societhf Rejection of Civilization in The Adventur EssayUsually, people in the bond business just talk about nominal rates, which is ok so long as all the bonds being compared are on a semiannual payment basis. When you start making comparisons among investments with different payment patterns, though, it is important to convert to ears. K. 2. If you bought this bond, do you think you would be more likely to earn the ytm or the ytc? Why? Answer:since the coupon rate is 10% versus ytc = kd = 7. 53%, it would pay the company to call the bond, get rid of the obligation to pay $100 per year in interest, and sell replacement bonds whose interest would be only $75. 0 per year. T herefore, if interest rates remain at the current level until the call date, the bond will surely be called, so investors should expect to earn 7. 53%. In general, investors should expect to earn the ytc on premium bonds, but to earn the ytm on par and discount bonds. (bond brokers publish lists of the bonds they have for sale; they quote ytm or ytc depending on whether the bond sells at a premium or a discount. ) L. Disneys bonds were issued with a yield to maturity of 7. 5 percent. Does the yield to maturity represent the promised or expected return on the bond? Answer:the yield to maturity is the rate of return earned on a bond if it is held to maturity. It can be viewed as the bonds promised rate of return, which is the return that investors will receive if all the promised payments are made. The yield to maturity equals the expected rate of return only if (1) the probability of default is zero and (2) the bond cannot be called. For bonds where there is some default risk, or where the bond may be called, there is some probability that the promised payments to maturity will not be received, in which case, the promised yield to maturity will differ from the expected return. M. Disneys bonds were rated aa- by s. Would you consider these bonds investment grade or junk bonds? Answer:the disney bonds would be investment grade bonds. Triple-a, double-a, single-a, and triple-b bonds are considered investment grade. Double-b and lower-rated bonds are considered speculative, or junk bonds, because they have a significant probability of going into default. Many financial institutions are prohibited from buying junk bonds.

Bus303 Human Resources Management Final Paper Essay Example

Bus303: Human Resources Management Final Paper Essay The primary function of human resources management is to increase the effectiveness and the contribution of employees, which are in alignment with the organizations goals and objectives. With in human resources management, there are many components or pieces of the puzzle that allow human resources management to exist. Such pieces of the puzzle include, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, human resources planning, recruitment, selection, development, compensation, benefits, safety, health and benefits. Each of which will be discussed. In human resource management, organizations focus a lot of time and resources finding the right candidate that would occupy the position. Employers are looking for an employee who can manage to fulfill the organizations vision. In this case, once an employee is selected for the position, human resource mangers with in organizations focus on training employees to complete the job efficiently. In addition, employers also allocate funding to the recruiting employees who qualify for the position. Human resources management also may be able to provide organizations with the competitiveness they need to be effective in the job market. Functions such as employment, opportunity, affirmative action, human resources planning, and recruitment, selection, training and development, compensation and benefits, safety, health, and employee labor relations all play together to perform that primary function. We will write a custom essay sample on Bus303: Human Resources Management Final Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bus303: Human Resources Management Final Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bus303: Human Resources Management Final Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They are all important, but some areas have more important than the others, in which shapes the characteristic of employee behaviors with in organizations. Human resource management wants to also make sure that the employees that are being hired in the process are in alignment with the organizations mission and vision. As an employee seeking a new job, many factors come into mind when I think of finding the right organization to work for. First and far most, ensuring that the organization is in the best interest of me an my goals are important, more importantly, making sure I have an equal opportunity to move up in the organization is important. Factors include sex, religion, race, color, national origin, hiring, promoting, firing, and setting wages. It is important to understand how employers operate so that you can have a clear understanding on what you are required of you in order to advance. According to our reading, affirmative action policies â€Å"require employers to show initiative in recruiting a diverse pool of applicants for their job openings. (Youssef, C. 2012) This means that, employers must hire individuals in their organization, no matter how old, what race, or what physical condition they are in. There are many people who may try to argue and say, that they have a lot of experience, no sign of education under their belt, and argue that they are being discriminated against when a younger applicant wi th a degree gets the position and they don’t. However, I now understand that such applicants had an opportunity to complete their education, but chose another path. Human resource management consists of many other factors that help them prepare to hire an employee to fill the position. The other factors include planning, recruitment, and selection. Before understanding these concepts, one would guess that employers just go out and hire anyone just to occupy a position. In the planning stage, employers look for a certain number of employees to fill a position. It really depends on the size of the company and how much you are looking to grow. So the number of employees varies based off of the organizations future activities and operations. Which brings focused efforts to recruitment with in an organization, making sure that employers recruit qualified employees is essential for the competitive focus in an organization. Human resources must be able to focus their efforts on finding talented people that fulfill the roles that is being filled. There are certain strategies that employers use to make sure that they find the right employee such as advertising, employment agencies, web, colleges, professional employment organizations, temp agencies, unsolicited applications, and soliciting specific applicants. There is more than one way to look for employees. My friend, Jonathon Montgomery wanted to start up a small marketing business for local restaurants and sought to hire lot employees to spread the word around town. He went on craigslist to create an ad and three days later he found himself interviewing multiple groups of people to fill the role. He did not have as much trouble in the interviewing process, but he has a lot of trouble in the selection process. In the selection process, it is important to understand the strategy used to select the most qualified employee for the position. Selection the right employee is important and was really important to Jonathon. Our reading states, â€Å" Selecting the right employee is one of the most crucial processes. † (Youssef, C. 2012) It is important, because when selecting the right employees, human resource management must take into consideration, laws of equal employment opportunity and while making sure they select the most qualified candidate to fill the role. In addition, organizations take into consideration within the selection process, employees are not only equip with the job qualifications, but they are equipped with the characteristics, such as motivation, morale, productivity, and retention. Now opening up an acceptance letter from an employer s very rewarding, because as an employee, you know that you worked hard and prepared to fill the position that was being filled. At the same time, employers want to make sure they are educating the new employee on the job. Organizations spend billions of dollars a year on the training and development portion because they want to make sure that they maintain their competitive advantage. It is important to focusing on the development of employees. Many companies process a learning and development department that assist in the overall training of the role. Organizations spend a lot of their efforts in making sure employees understand all technological, financial, economic, and political factors that come into play. The reason why is because companies are continuing to develop innovative, competitive, and efficient ways to do business. It is very important to keep in mind, that organizations are in need of effective system, which will not only save cost but also serve its purpose. In chapter seven, (Youssef 2012) states that we are always learning. Whether youve been with the company for 10 years or fairly new to an organization, learning and development and consistent training is needed to help the organization grow. There are different types of trainings, mentoring, coaching, test taking, and videos, on the job training, internships, and more importantly consistent development of employees. In my mind training programs must continue to evolve in order to do more what financial diminish. Our organization currently utilizes webinars, YouTube videos, interactive studies, surveys, and more importantly organization uses data that will help management evaluate and analyze areas of opportunities with in each department. Whats great about training in the 21st century is that there are more options in more ways of teaching employee how to perform on a job. I feel that training will continue to evolve in this competitive business world that we live in. With new solutions, purpose driven studies, and the many technological resources that are available, businesses have the tools to save cost yet still bring the competitive edge. Once an employer selects an employee to work full time on a job, many employers offer benefits for their employee. As an employee, while shopping for a new job, those factors are important to consider. It is important to consider because there are many employees that have families, and more importantly, there are families who have personal needs that need to be catered to. When seeking employment, benefits can be a deciding factor in making an organization the right fit. According to our reading, â€Å"Compensation directly affects the attraction and retention of talent, affects employee motivation through the satisfaction of various needs, and provides a mechanism to psychologically link performance with outcomes. Compensation also enhances perceptions of equity and justice and promotes desirable behaviors in the workplace. † (Youssef 2012) If I am an employee and I am not being protected with in the job that I hold, it is less likely that I stay at that organization. Benefit offerings have a major impact on marketplace competitiveness and have the ability to attract and keep quality employees. Benefits assist in motivating employees to come to work everyday and keeps employees bought in to the organizations mission. Benefits include but are not limited to health insurance. Healthcare is important to employees because it caters to their security needs. Employees want to feel healthy when putting forth time and energy into an organization. It will result in quality of work. Some organizations provide access to childcare, eldercare, and fitness centers at a discounted rate or no cost. I feel that this is a great benefit offering when considering market place competitiveness and attracts employees that may have children who may need a baby sitter. Other benefits that are essential are flextime,  job sharing, telecommuting pay time off, vacation, bereavement, and sick time. There have been many issues with in human resource management, lawsuits, and many competitive debates about labor unions and its future role. In other parts of the world, organizations from the United States are tying to expand. Companies such as, Mc Donald’s, Apple, and other companies, have found ways to expand. Issues such as political government, may affect the equal opportunity laws in the United States. For example, Geert Hofstede’s uses a model that helps understand labor markets and its potential. Geert is s Dutch anthropologist who analyzed cultures along five dimensions on a scale from 1-100. His five factors included, Power, Self, Gender, Predictability, and Time. I think the dimensions in which countries are evaluated plays a major role in how each country is managed with in the human resources field. For example, Gender roles in Japan play a major factor in management. Men are considered aggressive and competitive, and women are expected to be gentler and concerned with home and family. In knowing this, in order for me to be successful outsourcing career opportunities in Japan I must know to put men in authority’s positions to ensure overall success in that country. Seeing that such factors impacts global human resource management, it is important to understand the demographical locations assists in the organizations success. (Youssef 2012) Collaboratively understanding the primary functions within human resources, may be beneficial to me long term because I want to eventually open up my own company. In knowing that, I must be knowledgeable on the components, which make an organization endure. I want to be able to increase the overall success of the organization that I am apart of and the organization that I will eventually own. Being knowledgeable about the human resources management functions helps me understand the ins and outs and will also help employees contribute to future organizational goals. Bus303 Human Resources Management Final Paper Essay Example Bus303: Human Resources Management Final Paper Paper The primary function of human resources management is to increase the effectiveness and the contribution of employees, which are in alignment with the organizations goals and objectives. With in human resources management, there are many components or pieces of the puzzle that allow human resources management to exist. Such pieces of the puzzle include, equal employment opportunity, affirmative action, human resources planning, recruitment, selection, development, compensation, benefits, safety, health and benefits. Each of which will be discussed. In human resource management, organizations focus a lot of time and resources finding the right candidate that would occupy the position. Employers are looking for an employee who can manage to fulfill the organizations vision. In this case, once an employee is selected for the position, human resource mangers with in organizations focus on training employees to complete the job efficiently. In addition, employers also allocate funding to the recruiting employees who qualify for the position. Human resources management also may be able to provide organizations with the competitiveness they need to be effective in the job market. Functions such as employment, opportunity, affirmative action, human resources planning, and recruitment, selection, training and development, compensation and benefits, safety, health, and employee labor relations all play together to perform that primary function. We will write a custom essay sample on Bus303: Human Resources Management Final Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bus303: Human Resources Management Final Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bus303: Human Resources Management Final Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They are all important, but some areas have more important than the others, in which shapes the characteristic of employee behaviors with in organizations. Human resource management wants to also make sure that the employees that are being hired in the process are in alignment with the organizations mission and vision. As an employee seeking a new job, many factors come into mind when I think of finding the right organization to work for. First and far most, ensuring that the organization is in the best interest of me an my goals are important, more importantly, making sure I have an equal opportunity to move up in the organization is important. Factors include sex, religion, race, color, national origin, hiring, promoting, firing, and setting wages. It is important to understand how employers operate so that you can have a clear understanding on what you are required of you in order to advance. According to our reading, affirmative action policies â€Å"require employers to show initiative in recruiting a diverse pool of applicants for their job openings. (Youssef, C. 2012) This means that, employers must hire individuals in their organization, no matter how old, what race, or what physical condition they are in. There are many people who may try to argue and say, that they have a lot of experience, no sign of education under their belt, and argue that they are being discriminated against when a younger applicant wi th a degree gets the position and they don’t. However, I now understand that such applicants had an opportunity to complete their education, but chose another path. Human resource management consists of many other factors that help them prepare to hire an employee to fill the position. The other factors include planning, recruitment, and selection. Before understanding these concepts, one would guess that employers just go out and hire anyone just to occupy a position. In the planning stage, employers look for a certain number of employees to fill a position. It really depends on the size of the company and how much you are looking to grow. So the number of employees varies based off of the organizations future activities and operations. Which brings focused efforts to recruitment with in an organization, making sure that employers recruit qualified employees is essential for the competitive focus in an organization. Human resources must be able to focus their efforts on finding talented people that fulfill the roles that is being filled. There are certain strategies that employers use to make sure that they find the right employee such as advertising, employment agencies, web, colleges, professional employment organizations, temp agencies, unsolicited applications, and soliciting specific applicants. There is more than one way to look for employees. My friend, Jonathon Montgomery wanted to start up a small marketing business for local restaurants and sought to hire lot employees to spread the word around town. He went on craigslist to create an ad and three days later he found himself interviewing multiple groups of people to fill the role. He did not have as much trouble in the interviewing process, but he has a lot of trouble in the selection process. In the selection process, it is important to understand the strategy used to select the most qualified employee for the position. Selection the right employee is important and was really important to Jonathon. Our reading states, â€Å" Selecting the right employee is one of the most crucial processes. † (Youssef, C. 2012) It is important, because when selecting the right employees, human resource management must take into consideration, laws of equal employment opportunity and while making sure they select the most qualified candidate to fill the role. In addition, organizations take into consideration within the selection process, employees are not only equip with the job qualifications, but they are equipped with the characteristics, such as motivation, morale, productivity, and retention. Now opening up an acceptance letter from an employer s very rewarding, because as an employee, you know that you worked hard and prepared to fill the position that was being filled. At the same time, employers want to make sure they are educating the new employee on the job. Organizations spend billions of dollars a year on the training and development portion because they want to make sure that they maintain their competitive advantage. It is important to focusing on the development of employees. Many companies process a learning and development department that assist in the overall training of the role. Organizations spend a lot of their efforts in making sure employees understand all technological, financial, economic, and political factors that come into play. The reason why is because companies are continuing to develop innovative, competitive, and efficient ways to do business. It is very important to keep in mind, that organizations are in need of effective system, which will not only save cost but also serve its purpose. In chapter seven, (Youssef 2012) states that we are always learning. Whether youve been with the company for 10 years or fairly new to an organization, learning and development and consistent training is needed to help the organization grow. There are different types of trainings, mentoring, coaching, test taking, and videos, on the job training, internships, and more importantly consistent development of employees. In my mind training programs must continue to evolve in order to do more what financial diminish. Our organization currently utilizes webinars, YouTube videos, interactive studies, surveys, and more importantly organization uses data that will help management evaluate and analyze areas of opportunities with in each department. Whats great about training in the 21st century is that there are more options in more ways of teaching employee how to perform on a job. I feel that training will continue to evolve in this competitive business world that we live in. With new solutions, purpose driven studies, and the many technological resources that are available, businesses have the tools to save cost yet still bring the competitive edge. Once an employer selects an employee to work full time on a job, many employers offer benefits for their employee. As an employee, while shopping for a new job, those factors are important to consider. It is important to consider because there are many employees that have families, and more importantly, there are families who have personal needs that need to be catered to. When seeking employment, benefits can be a deciding factor in making an organization the right fit. According to our reading, â€Å"Compensation directly affects the attraction and retention of talent, affects employee motivation through the satisfaction of various needs, and provides a mechanism to psychologically link performance with outcomes. Compensation also enhances perceptions of equity and justice and promotes desirable behaviors in the workplace. † (Youssef 2012) If I am an employee and I am not being protected with in the job that I hold, it is less likely that I stay at that organization. Benefit offerings have a major impact on marketplace competitiveness and have the ability to attract and keep quality employees. Benefits assist in motivating employees to come to work everyday and keeps employees bought in to the organizations mission. Benefits include but are not limited to health insurance. Healthcare is important to employees because it caters to their security needs. Employees want to feel healthy when putting forth time and energy into an organization. It will result in quality of work. Some organizations provide access to childcare, eldercare, and fitness centers at a discounted rate or no cost. I feel that this is a great benefit offering when considering market place competitiveness and attracts employees that may have children who may need a baby sitter. Other benefits that are essential are flextime,  job sharing, telecommuting pay time off, vacation, bereavement, and sick time. There have been many issues with in human resource management, lawsuits, and many competitive debates about labor unions and its future role. In other parts of the world, organizations from the United States are tying to expand. Companies such as, Mc Donald’s, Apple, and other companies, have found ways to expand. Issues such as political government, may affect the equal opportunity laws in the United States. For example, Geert Hofstede’s uses a model that helps understand labor markets and its potential. Geert is s Dutch anthropologist who analyzed cultures along five dimensions on a scale from 1-100. His five factors included, Power, Self, Gender, Predictability, and Time. I think the dimensions in which countries are evaluated plays a major role in how each country is managed with in the human resources field. For example, Gender roles in Japan play a major factor in management. Men are considered aggressive and competitive, and women are expected to be gentler and concerned with home and family. In knowing this, in order for me to be successful outsourcing career opportunities in Japan I must know to put men in authority’s positions to ensure overall success in that country. Seeing that such factors impacts global human resource management, it is important to understand the demographical locations assists in the organizations success. (Youssef 2012) Collaboratively understanding the primary functions within human resources, may be beneficial to me long term because I want to eventually open up my own company. In knowing that, I must be knowledgeable on the components, which make an organization endure. I want to be able to increase the overall success of the organization that I am apart of and the organization that I will eventually own. Being knowledgeable about the human resources management functions helps me understand the ins and outs and will also help employees contribute to future organizational goals.

Oaky Essays

Oaky Essays Oaky Essay Oaky Essay He was a silly man and he came from a silly town. On this day he encountered a box of Emeralds, but unknown to him they were Blood Emeralds! Okay, not knowing this tidbit ended up spending the Emeralds everywhere until one day he is arrested by the villager police for using these emeralds. In prison he got to meet all sorts of new people and even got a prison tattoo! In memory of his mother; this tattoo was put on him by warden, Jeremiah Bullfrog; He liked to tattoo the newbies. The tattoo looked like a cross between a pentagram, the number 37, a pigeon on fire and the Black Mesa symbol. This shape looked Just like his first macaroni art that his mom throw away, and now he lives happily ever after with a swarm of prison batches Or so we thought. To be continued After fifty-five years of being in prison okay decided to set out on an epic adventure to seek the great prophet Infinitum; Okay wanted to see if she had any idea who the real thief who stole those emeralds so long ago was. Okay decided at iris to head back to his home town went © to see if anybody he knew was still alive. As it was about a 5 day walk from Berrylike to his home he had to stop by the local trading post for some supplies. At the trading post Okay noticed that all the people looked sad he asked a young girl that worked at the trading post named Mafias why everyone looked so down. Mafias told him that their great Fuehrer Alarm raised the tax once again, now no one was able to buy the goods that they needed. This was a big problem for okay as he had little money to begin with.

The Syntel Success Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Syntel Success - Case Study Example It makes continuous efforts to reap the benefits of new delivery models. Their objective is equally stressed upon in every single Syntel branches in the US as well as in offshore locations. Collaborative environments, excellent use of technologies in business intelligence and warehousing of data, skilled workforce, the strong network of sales and marketing has contributed to success quotient of Syntel for years in international markets. But Syntel could have been far more successful if it had not depended so much on North America for labor arbitrages and vendors. Moreover, in recent times, Syntel has focused more on specific groups or pockets of customers, which is not a wise decision keeping in mind the level of competition in present times. The success of Syntel is due to its development and expansion in IT and healthcare industries as well as worldwide IT- spending. The cultural outlook of US has further helped in the expansion of Syntel. The economic system of Syntel supports an integrated research environment. Besides being one the most developed countries US is also one of the leading countries which have strong IT systems. Thus, being an organization of US, Syntel was blessed with an added advantage over its other competitors across the world. Syntel gets full support of good infrastructure that is used in all parts of US. Its partners include Microsoft, Numerix, SAP, TriZetto, and Global Analytics. Its clients include Pharmaceutical Organizations like CRO, CMO, etc. Syntel is known for providing quality service to more than 2000 customers across the globe on a daily basis. To satisfy its customers, it makes use of latest innovations and technologies which are provided distinctness by experts and professionals of S yntel. What has made Syntel a success, is its comparatively flexible and custom-made procedure of IT and KPO.  

The Chinese Revolution as inspired by Marxist Theory Essay

The Chinese Revolution as inspired by Marxist Theory - Essay Example After this breakdown, an all-out war between these two forces resumed. Ultimately, the People’s Liberation Army was victorious, and on October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the People’s Republic of China. The importance and significance of the Chinese Revolution is integral, and in order to come to a clearer and more knowledgeable understanding on this subject matter, certain political and economic issues must be addressed. As well, the historical factors and lessons learned from this occurrence must be included. The aim of this paper is to discuss all of this, along with other relevant and significant issues in regards to the Chinese Revolution. This is what will be dissertated in the following. The political and economic institutions of Revolutionary China (1949-1976) were very much inspired by Marxist theory on the transition from capitalism to socialism in several different ways. In China, Mao Zedong is remembered for many things. He is revered as the greatest of revolutionaries. However he has also been considered as among the worst politicians. â€Å"He knew well how to make a revolution, but once in power he could not put his love of revolution aside for the sake of governing.† (Compton’s Living Encyclopedia, 1995). Mao Zedong was born in Shaoshan, Hunan Province on December 26, 1893. During the Revolution of 1911-12 Mao served in the army for six months. Afterwards, he graduated from the First Provincial Normal School in Changsha in 1918. He was then sent to Peking University where he became embroiled in the Revolutionary May Fourth Movement. It was in 1921 when Mao helped found the Chinese Communist party, and it was only two years after this that he l eft work to become a full-time revolutionary. At the time of its founding in 1921, the Chinese Communist party was focused on organizing such things as

Reflection and analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection and analysis - Essay Example The research adopted the sources because they explained about a method of control for those who are already addicts. For example the adoption of the â€Å"Placebo control method† which was a trial that was tried out to help control a condition that results from cannabis use called spasticity. (Jodey Corey-Bloom,2012) One of the sources of this research was about cannabis. The author was Jodey Corey-Bloom and the title is ‘Smoked cannabis for spasticity in multiple sclerosis; a randomized placebo-controlled trial’ The research focused on marijuana as one of the hard drugs that are commonly abused by academic people and so it would give a clear picture of what these drugs cause to academic people leading to academic downfalls. The objective of this literature review was to find out the short term effects of smoked cannabis on spasticity and it helped me identify the placebo-controlled method of identifying symptoms of cannabis suffering victim. A placebo controlled trial was passed to adults suffering from the symptom of spasticity. It was found out that smoked cannabis had much worse symptoms and pain reduction to those patients who had treatment resistant spasticity. Spasticity is described as one of the symptoms of sclerosis. This helps the reader to know one of the side effects of cannabis. (Jodey Corey-Bloom, 2012) The other source I adopted was Lower Cannabis use guidelines for Canada; A narrative review of evidence and recommendations. The author was Benedict Fisher. The objective of the paper was to develop Lower Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines based on researched evidence on adverse effects of cannabis. The literature review helped me to come up with recommendations by constituting viable tools for reducing the risk of cannabis use on an individual and on a population based on certain factors such as frequency of the drug use. Therefore, I was able to come up with a recommendation that the only way to avoid health effects is to abstain from use of

Arguments On Gods Existence Philosophy Essay

Arguments On Gods Existence Philosophy Essay Does God really exist? This is perhaps one of the most sought answer that has divided humanity into two discrete ideologies theism and atheism. To subscribe to either of the two doctrines, one would first need to understand who or what is God? The most conventional definition of God that cut across most religions is God is the creator of the universe and everything on it. One would therefore argue that for God to do all this He must not only be self existent, omniscience, omnipotent but also the Highest Form of Being. This assertion and believe has by and large provoked deep rooted enmity between atheists and theists. While one can sometimes feel obliged to lean towards Atheism based on the arguments extended by atheists the strongest conviction of existence of God is perhaps realized through theists support for existence of God as their arguments are satisfactory as opposed to atheists that are more often than not left hanging. Theism is the most popular doctrine in the world today because one is easily convinced by arguments put forward to support Gods existence. These arguments are multi faceted spanning from various dimensions; history, science, and philosophy. Historical arguments emanate from a religious perspective most notably Christianity. Stories from the Bible both Old and New Testament talk of the existence of God as the creator of the universe and everything in it. God existence is mentioned in the Bible in more than one occasion. The scriptures talk of God who created the heavens and earth in six days. By faith believers are urged to believe in his existence; And without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to Him must believe that He exists and that He rewards those who earnestly seek Him (Hebrews 11:6). Every individual who has this religious affiliation or believe accepts God existence and hand in natures creation. From a religious perspective one can therefore understand natures beautiful creation. In addition, believe in existence of God or a Superior Being transcends diverse societal cultures, civilisations and even continents. Surely this does not fit the description of a mere coincidence but rathe r an unknown force (God) causing this belief. Critical thinking be it evaluation of logic or deductive reasoning put forward as philosophical arguments further justifies the existence of God. Three main philosophical arguments explains the existence of God; anthological, first cause, and argument from design. Simple reasoning clearly shows that there is a God. Trying to argue otherwise defiles logic for one cannot even explain where the intelligence to question His existence comes from. If one really knows what or who God is then arguing that He does not exist is just as vague as its illogical. The universe must have come into existence at one point in time. However, nothing ever creates itself in light of this it must have been created by someone or something that is inconceivable and that was there from the beginning (God). No matter how we may want to deny Gods existence we cant explain creation of the universe from a mere explosion, who and what caused the explosion? What was exploded and who created it? Unless we embrace the fact that another supernatural forces really exists, none other than God! The world perfectly supports living things, the sun and other planets arrangement in space can only be described as artistic. If anything were to change like maybe the sun moves closer to the earth all living things would die the reverse is also true. Can a Big Bang cause such perfect dispersal? Why is everything still in precise locations after millions of years? Its definitely because there is a god who designed this universe to support life, period!! The existence of God can also be explained through scientific experiments of living organisms properties that portray high level structuring of DNA. While living cell denotes unique arrangement that is actually instructional like binary codes that run a computer programme, scientists have failed to explain this existence of such a pattern without programming, it therefore goes without saying God must have made it that to guides organisms activities. In addition the complexity of a human brain cannot be fully described by evolution theories in place, only God is capable of making a human being a very bright creature. Existence of God is not only practical but theoretical as well. As one examines nature, Gods presence is manifested in many forms ranging from perfectly arranged planets and sun to complex minute cells with unique structured DNA that guides organisms activities. Scholars more importantly scientists have failed to provide a satisfactory explanation of these phenomenas thus rationalizing the existence of God who makes all these possible. Critical thinking and deductive reasoning regarding the coming of existence of the universe has proofed beyond any reasonable doubt that the universe did not come into existence by itself but rather by a creator who can only be God. However some arguments put forward to explain Gods existence are contradictory and at best may just seem as illusions rather than facts. For example arguing that everything that exist has a cause is logical but merely stating that God is self existent along the same line of thought undermines the fact that the statement is trying to put across, one may wonder if God is complex and is inconceivable, why cant the universe being a complex phenomena be self existent too?

The Global Problem of Spamming and Unsolicited E-mail Essay -- Interne

The Global Problem of Spamming and Unsolicited E-mail Introduction Spamming and unsolicited email has become a growing issue all over the world. As the internet grows, so does the problem of spamming. With the evolution of the internet, there has been a love and hate relationship among the spammed and the spammers. Before going into discussing further about spamming, we have to actually define spamming: Spamming is sending a message or multiple copies of a message to many inappropriate newsgroups or sending a single or multiple copies of a message to any mailbox for an individual who did not specifically request the email1. If we look at it even more simply we can define spamming as â€Å"any unsolicited e-mail†2. Therefore any email that is sent without the will or asking of the receiver can be more or less called as spamming. This does not mean that the email is not desired or disliked by the receiver. Often users might actually find certain type of unsolicited e-mail helpful. But whether liked or disliked if the email that is sent is ‘unsolicited’, it becomes spam and in some cases illegal. It is often misunderstood when it come to quantity. Often people mistakenly think that spamming only occurs when large numbers of emails are sent. But on the contrary even a single email that is ‘unsolicited’ or un-called for can be termed as spam. Spamming can take a variety of forms. Certain forms of emails may not even appear to be a spam at first but if we carefully examine the above definition and compare with it we will notice that these emails are actually spam. One of the most common forms of emails that we receive are advertisements. It is also the most abused term to describe spam. People use email advertisements and... ...ill 1629 http://www.jmls.edu/cyber/statutes/email/ca1629-2.html 10. Spinello, 33 11. Spinello, 38 12. Spinello, 28 References http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/s/spam.html http://www.aros.net/policies/spam.shtml Chain Emails: Just another Ploy or the Real McCoy? http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/features/chainmail.htm http://www.euro.cauce.org/en/countries/c_uk.html http://www.euro.cauce.org/en/countries/c_fr.html California Assembly Bill 1629 Summary of state spam laws Spam Statistics Spinello, Richard A., Computer Ethics and Social Values Top 10 Anti-Spam Tools for Windows ttp://email.about.com/cs/winspamreviews/tp/anti-spam.htm

Financial Risk Management at Toyota Essay

Toyota Motor Corporation (Toyota) is Japan’s largest and the world’s fourth-largest automobile manufacturer. The company offers well-known car models like Camry, Corona, Corolla and Lexus. Though a late entrant, compared to General Motors and Ford, Toyota has become one of the strongest players in the automobile industry. Toyota has continued to set new benchmarks for providing value to customers more effectively than competitors. Toyota is exposed to market risk due to changes in currency rates, interest rates and certain commodity and equity prices. In order to manage these risks, Toyota uses various derivative financial instruments. These instruments are in general executed only with creditworthy financial institutions. The case outlines the various financial risks Toyota faces and how the company manages them. Introduction Toyota Motor Corporation (Toyota), Japan’s largest and the world’s fourth-largest automobile manufacturer offered well-known car models like Camry, Corona, Corolla, and Lexus. Though a late entrant, compared to General Motors and Ford, Toyota had become one of the strongest players in the automobile industry. In an industry, generally considered to be mature in terms of technology, Toyota had continued to set new benchmarks for providing value to customers more effectively than competitors. Toyota had also redefined the rules of the game in various areas – product development, manufacturing, vendor management and human resources management. A recent Business Week issue had Toyota on the cover with the caption â€Å"Can anything stop Toyota?† Background Note Sakichi Toyoda, born in 1868, founded Toyota. He showed little interest in the family’s carpentry business. Instead, Toyoda concentrated on improving the handloom machinery used in textile factories. These efforts led to the Toyoda Automatic Loom. In 1926, Sakichi founded Toyoda Automatic Loom Works (TALW) to make looms. He entrusted his son Kiichiro with the task of using the profits from the textile machinery business to develop a motor car. In 1933, Kiichiro opened an auto department within the loom works and began copying US engine designs. After Sakichi died in 1930, Kiichiro faced stiff competition from Ford and General Motors, who had set up their manufacturing units in Japan. Family members including brother Risaburo showed little interest in Kiichiro’s plans. In spite of these difficulties, the articles of association of the company were amended in 1933 to permit automobile manufacturing†¦ Credit Risk Toyota used various financial instruments, in the normal course of business. These instruments were in general executed only with creditworthy financial institutions. Virtually all foreign currency contracts were denominated in U.S. dollars, euros and other currencies of major industrialized countries†¦ Market Risk Toyota was exposed to market risk due to changes in currency rates, interest rates and certain commodity and equity prices. In order to manage these risks, Toyota used various derivative financial instruments†¦ Derivative financial instruments: Accounting & Valuation Toyota employed derivative financial instruments, including foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency options, interest rate swaps, currency swap agreements and interest rate options to manage its exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates†¦

Codes and conventions for media studies Essay Example

Codes and conventions for media studies Essay Example Codes and conventions for media studies Paper Codes and conventions for media studies Paper I will be comparing the 4 local newspapers to 1 broadsheet and 1 national tabloid, looking at the level of competition, from the internet TV and radio, and seeking to input the news the public want to feel in the community also the advertising to be to help the needs of everyone. I believe Kilburn Times has a heritage and has a red headline connoting its status of bold, big and classy to 2 local communities Camden and Brent. For my Media project I will be analyzing 4 (national tabloid, and national broadsheet) local newspapers. I will analyze the codes and conventions in order to identify the product efficiently. I intend to publish, The Kilburn Telegraph as part of my observation in forecasting the latest and most recent stories and reports of that particular week. The main features of Willesden Brent Times are that it has a distinctive colour of red on black, in my analysis I selected four newspapers, one representing red top and one mid-market. The Willesden Brent Times and the Kilburn Times tend to take a conservative stance; with a serif type face connotes formality and more educated. Whereas Harrow Observer and The Wembley Observer tend to prefer visual rather than a lot of text, it type face is sans-serif connotes formality and tend to target the less educated group in society. The language presented on the 4 local papers tends to be written informal everyday language concentrating on the dramatic, and the shocking aspects of stories. The Harrow and Wembley observer use a splash with the headline spread over 2 columns, although The Brent Times papers focuses on a small image from a separate story with a kiker to make it of interest to the public. The local newspapers I analysed all have eye catching stories The Willesden Times contained a caption of biker died in tragic crash. The Wembley and Harrow observer were more detailed papers. Whereas with The Wembley observer containing 2 bullet points of the headline to reinforce the story No Jail Term Is Long Enough. The Kilburn Times headline was 80 thugs on the streets conveying the negative, shocking and scary aspects of the story be taking up the central page spread. The red colour suggests (importance). The promotion is suite deal furnishers, Jacobs free wine, win tickets to see the yoga show which is not related to the story. Whereas the Harrow and Wembley observers have a red poppy in memory of the soldiers and a advertisement of i 36 million revamp of borough leisure centers planned, and the diwali special is important for the newspaper. Willesden Brent Times contains one main story which dominates the front page with a small colored image of the victim. It contains white on black usually for headline about the brutal murder of this young boy, the story written in 3 columns, contains colloquial language such as: Dont, also the strap line uses capital letters COPS DONT CARE, using sans-serif connoting informality type face. The next local tabloid I analysed was The Wembley Observer which covers more serious issues, with more detailed information a splash was used with the grieving parents of the murdered son Ian Page, the caption states: they hold a picture of their murdered son. The Harrow Observer story is ROGUE ROCKET RUINS HOUSE in regards to a house which has been blown away by fireworks, the editor Ian Proctor uses the seriousness of the sunlight reflecting on to the blown off roof top of Rose Fagan the fallen victim. This drama covers the whole bottom of the page with white on black, with an advertisement on top unveiling the new leisure centre. The paragraphs and syntax (sentence structure) is short and buoyant. At the top there is a symbol of a poppy commemorating the loved ones who died in war. I researched into the Observer of Wembley; this had a lot of colour and many diverse issues about its upcoming society of the 21st century especially with the new arena Wembley stadium. It has a blue heading colour and covered different stories being a larger print newspaper than Willesden and Kilburn times (local newspaper). I will analyze the new opening of Kilburn library, and tourists perception of London at the Marriott hotel, I will speak to a local police officer about crime violence, such as car robbery, anti-social behaviour, burglary, drugs, and gang crime. I will talk to a local MP in Brent asking for their opinion on the new wheelie bins and their opinion on getting more people to recycle to make Brent greener. Finally I want assurance of the health side (Back page) Willesden sports centre, I will mention their current facilities, its just over a year since it was re-designed (gym, karate hall, indoor badminton, outdoor running, and a swimming pool) I will make a report on findings from my local community.

Ayn Rands novel †The Fountainhead

Ayn Rands novel – The Fountainhead Free Online Research Papers Webster’s Dictionary defines fountainhead as â€Å"a fountain or spring from which a stream flows; the head or source of a stream.† In Ayn Rand’s novel The Fountainhead, which was first published in 1943, Howard Roark is the fountainhead. He is the fountain of knowledge, persistently providing a stream of wisdom wherever he goes to everyone he comes in contact with. The only way this is possible is for him to go outside the â€Å"box† of his society. By showing great independence and individuality in both his thoughts and actions, Howard Roark is looked at as an outsider, squandering his life away for an unworthy purpose. These individualistic traits are very uncommon and daring, but can prove to either be very beneficial, or more often than not, overwhelmingly detrimental and life ruining. A good example of this in the book was the life of Henry Cameron. By going outside of the â€Å"box† of society, he was considered a brilliant architect. Bam. All of the sudden he is living in a rundown shack, barely surviving off pocket change. After an immense amount of thought, I have discovered that I am not a chance taker, but instead just your average conformist. I intend to become an independent thinker someday. It seems that as a person’s knowledge level rises, their likeliness of becoming an individualist grows immensely. As a young child, I always attended church with my family and other social events which they deemed suitable for our position on the situation. That was just the problem. It should never be our choice. It should be mine or yours. We should all be free to decide what we believe is right or wrong, without the fear of being labeled an outcast for the rest of our lives. I think that I was 10 years old before I ever discovered any other religions besides Christianity. Most parents today unintentionally force their kids into their image, simply because that was the way they were raised! It is very important that as children we learn all of the major choices in life having to do with religion, sex, politics, etc. This ensures that we are making the right decisions for ourselves and not for someone else. There are of course chastisements for behaving just as you want, which is obviously necessary. If we all ran around doing what we wanted to do all of the time, there would be no sense of control in the world. Chaos. That is what we would be left in. By being your own person, others would still outcast you by means of their own opinions, and life would still be dreadfully intolerable. Advantages to this lifestyle are that you could find a place and a way to enjoy yourself significantly, with whomsoever you please. In the face of such a chaotic atmosphere, it would be easier to rise and shine, and if you were like Howard Roark, you could even put up buildings that you were satisfied with wherever you wanted. Physically and socially a person can afford to not be true to themselves, but there is an emotional decay taking place inside their soul at the same time. This hatred within yourself becomes a burning thorn in your chest, and will eventually cause you to let it out through actions or words that you would never on a normal occasion use. This can be done over time slowly, or through one bottled up burst of emotions gone wrong such as suicide or murder. Peter Keating never thought for himself. As he confessed in The Fountainhead, â€Å"Howard, I’m a parasite. I’ve been a parasite all my life . . . I have fed on you and all the men like you who lived before we were born. . . . if they hadn’t existed I wouldn’t have known how to put stone to stone. . . . I have taken that which was not mine and given nothing in return.† By admitting this to Howard Roark, Peter acknowledged that he was a conformist, using an independent thinkers ideas. This was killing him inside, and was all let out at once. The Fountainhead proved to be a noteworthy book, and as soon as I finish reading it I will probably hold a different outlook on life. Thanks once again for a long, but good book for your favorite class, and of course me, your favorite student. Research Papers on Ayn Rand’s novel - "The Fountainhead"Effects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentQuebec and CanadaThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Virtue Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Virtue Ethics - Essay Example the light of the existence of the sub virtuous category of people, Johnson claims that Hursthouse’s assertion about right action is false, partly because it does not account for the right of those who are non virtuous to perform self controlling actions. Hursthouse’s argument is that an action can be deemed to be right under certain circumstances only if a completely virtuous agent would perform the said action under the same circumstances. The flaw in the argument is that a person who is completely virtuous would not be able to admit to performing unjust, non virtuous acts, or would not perform such actions in the first place. Hence, the same argument about right action cannot be extended to the case of non virtuous persons. To classify an action as right or wrong based entirely upon what a completely virtuous agent would do may itself be flawed, because it classes each kind of virtue into distinct categories of black and white areas with no scope for gray area in between. As opposed to this, a sub virtuous person who is neither fully virtuous or the complete anti-thesis of it, can admit to acts performed which may not be characteristic of the group to which he or she belongs. While an individual may be fairly good and virtuous on the whole, he or she may sometimes perform and can admit to an act that is not. Similarly, an individual that is not virtuous on the whole can sometimes admit to actions that are virtuous. Extending this argument further, a fully virtuous person would not therefore maintain a list of actions like the lies he or she has told in order to work towards becoming more honest, but this is precisely the kind of action that a sub virtuous person could and should do in order to improve. A sub virtuous person can perform actions which are self controlling, but applying Hursthouse’s argument about right actions, a non virtuous person cannot perform self controlling actions, because virtue ethics in such a person’s case is incomplete,

Technical aspects of cables stayed bridges Essay

Technical aspects of cables stayed bridges - Essay Example In simple terms, cable-stayed bridges carry mainly vertical loads that act on the girder. Immediate support for the girder is provided by the stay cables so that the bridge can extend over a long distance. Basically, the structure of a cable-stayed bridge is such that it is constructed of a series of overlapping triangles made up of the tower, the pylon, the girder and the cables, which are usually under axial forces, and are considered flexural and efficient. The cables are always under tension whereas the girder and the pylon are under compression. This report looks at the history of cable stay bridges, examines the configuration and design structure, technical requirements, offers a description of various bridge structures and an analysis of the bridge structures. The report concludes by offering recommendations for stay-cable design, installation and testing. Introduction A first glance at cable-stayed bridges raises some interesting questions from both the public and bridge engi neers, who find them technically challenging and innovative, as well as the architects. The cable-stayed bridges attracted public attention when the Stromsund Bridge in Sweden was completed. ... Basically, the structure of a cable-stayed bridge is such that, it is made up of a series of overlapping triangles, made up of the tower, the pylon, the girder and the cables, which are usually under axial forces, and are usually considered flexural and efficient. The cables are always under tension whereas the girder and the pylon, under compression (Dayaratnam 2000). Overtime, cable-stayed bridges have become very popular in bridge engineering; there are more than seven hundred cable-stayed bridges in the world today. With advancement in technology and architectural design, the length of cable-stayed bridges has significantly increased over the years. For instance, the first major cable-stayed bridge built in 1955, the Stromsund Bridge in Sweden, spanned 183m; in the 1970’s, the Neuenkamp bridge in Germany spanned 350m and was considered the longest one then until the 1980s when another bridge, the Alex Fraser-Annacis Island bridge, spanned 465m was completed (Denney Pate & Rohleder, Jr., 2008). This was, however, surpassed in 1994 by the Normandie bridge that spanned 856m. Today, the longest span cable-stayd bridge is the Russky Bridge, in Vladivostok, Russia, spanning 1,104m, completed in 2012 (Svensson 2012). Configuration of Cable-Stayed Bridges The concept of cable-stayed bridges as illustrated in Figure 1 was that cable suspension was to be used to replace piers as intermediary support for girder, so that it could withstand the vertical load over a long span or distance (Morgenthal & Yamasaki 2010). As a result, the first cable-stayed bridges spaced stay cables far apart based on the maximum girder strength. The

Analysis of AT & T Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Analysis of AT & T Organization - Essay Example This organization is originally a company of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of telephone services, and has their headquarters in Boston. The organization is a previous monopoly business that serves the population in the telecommunications and information technology sector (Keidel, 2005). It involves itself in the development and sale of telecommunication services in the country and across the entire globe (Verzuh, 2007). The organization has recently been experiencing problems in the loss of customers to their competitor, Verizon Corporation. This is because their competitor’s did introduce a similar product to their iphone. They are also able to offer better pacts than the organization (Green, 2006). For example, Verizon Corporation offers no limitations on data transfers and still charges a set price. The organization is currently unable to provide their customers with the satisfaction they require from the network capabilities on offer. This results in the company maki ng big losses in terms of customers leaving the organization for their competitors. The organization has not been able to keep their customers to the business (Valikangas, 2010). I would like to suggest that the company develops a project to explore into these issues. They should form teams comprising of experts and some technical staff to address this issue across their various branches. The organization will expect to improve their products and increase the number of customers to their business (Valikangas, 2010). Analysis of the Current Situation This organization offers telephone communication services across twenty-two states in America. The company also offers internet facilities, data transfers and phone services. Financial analysts in the company suggest that the organization is likely to make profits in the next few years. The organization is also currently enjoying great revenues from their wireless trade (Estabrooks, 2005). The organizations debt currently stands at $1.4 billion, which is below EBITDA standards by 1.6 periods. Their pensions are hard to approximate and it finds difficulties in their cash flows since they have many debt to repay and dividends to pay to the shareholders. The dividends they pay out amount to more than ten billion dollars (Temin and Galambos, 2007). The organization intends to acquire another company by the name of T-Mobile USA. These activities are likely to affect the organizations capital composition though the financial analysts believe that the company’s performance will remain constant. The company has to cut the costs they incur to ensure that their performances remains relevant to the current market conditions (Hodges, 2002). The disadvantage that the organization currently encounters on limitations in their network will get their solutions after the organization acquires the additional firm. The management of AT&T expects that the additional organization will come with the networking resources they requi re. The organization’s provision of wireless services is far beyond their competitors abilities. The organizations leadership focuses their cash on the repayment of their debts (Ellis, 2009). This move did come into play over the past few years with the aim of reducing their debts. This act enables the company to cut their costs to the current value of 65 billion dollars. Their investment formation remains the most traditional in their industry. This gives the company the advantage of quickly adjusting to changes in the economic conditions the country experiences (Temin and Galambos, 2007). The organization’s main competitor in the provision of Iphones, Verizon, has a customer base of more than ninety four million people and makes over a

A Look Into The Arts Essay Example for Free

A Look Into The Arts Essay Art is one aspect of the past that has carried on for decades. Art in any form may it be poetry, novels, and playwright, sculpting as well as painting, has been an outlet for generations and continues to be an outlet and a means for expression. This paper will discuss â€Å" The Mona Lisa† one of Da Vinci’s most famous paintings, as well as another great painting, Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380). Both paintings focus on the human form and exhibit many variations of styles from lines, shading, color and possible meanings behind the work. The first piece of artwork that will be looked is from the Renaissance Era. Da Vinci’s â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c. 1519) a painting that is known around the world, which has been known to cause skepticism as to who is this woman. Did she really exist? Or is this merely a self-portrait that Da Vinci was able to show his private devotion for the female form? The second piece of artwork that will be discussed is from The Middle Ages. Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) both pieces of art work stem from different eras but share many commonalities as well as shows the transformation of art techniques from Sfumato, to perspective, as well as linear perspective, Humanism, foreshortening and more between each era. In the Early Renaissance Era, artists from Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael Sanzio, Piero della Francesca, Sandro Botticelli and more, developed a passion and ability to create art that could capture a moment may it be a beautiful moment or tragic moment. These artists were also able spark creativity and question in the human mind as to what is or was and why. Much like the middle Ages, art from both eras focused on religious forms, humanism, from the finite details of a lock of hair to the muscle tone. The Renaissance era developed the linear perspective to create; depth and angles in work, though the Middle Ages opened the door for linear perspective to be created. Most depictions from the Middle Ages showed a human form that was stiff and schematic, like a rough draft that was never completed. However art from the Renaissance Era had a profound effect on European art. Lilian H. Zirpolo (SNHU. Chapter 8. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.) Stated â€Å" The outburst of creativity of the era, resulted in the most influential artistic revolution ever to have taken place.† There was so much depth and thought put into Renaissance art that it was the stepping-stone for all who dared to create. Da Vinci’ s the â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c.1519) holds Miss. Zirpolo’s statement to be true. When viewing the piece, one can see the exquisite line work and Foreshortening, to linear perspective. This art form shows his attention to detail and his passion for his work. The â€Å"Mona Lisa† (c.1519) is a small piece of artwork that became very popular. To this day the â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c.1519) still triumphs over Michelangelo’s â€Å"Creation Of Adam† (c.1511), which became a part of the â€Å"Sistine Chapel.†(C.1512) When one views â€Å"The Mona Lisa† they can see the dark color scale that is used, perhaps to depict an unhappy time. Da Vinci through out this piece is able to use an aerial perspective within the background of this portrait. Da Vinci was the first artist to successfully depict an aerial perspective. Da Vinci also uses Sfumato in his negative space by blending, blurring and softening the landscape, this technique is used to create a gradual transition between areas of different color, avoiding sharp outlines, to which I believe was done as to not take away the focal point in his positive space of the canvas. Another great aspect to the â€Å"Mona Lisa† is that is demonstrates the art of science discoveries that came to fruition in the Renaissance period, which is that they were able to acknowledge how the eye perceives light, thusly how light reacts with colors and how the human eye adapts to the change in color and light. So why is that of any significance in art? Well when one takes a painting such as the â€Å"Mona Lisa† once can see how the color gradation changes to separate the neck and face from her clothing. It creates more of a realistic feel to the art. The Middle Ages on the other hand focused on two-dimensional compositions, their depictions of humans were frail and stiff, and the human art form was inert. (SNHU. The Middle Ages. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.) Like art from the Renaissance, they also focused a lot on Religion, saint hood and humans. In fact it depicted the importance of humans based on the size they were painted or sculpted. It focused on women and God, as the two were of major importance at the time. Woman we scared and givers of life and love, their beauty was unfounded and they were cherished. God was the almighty and the one who created a life form that woman were there to carry on the tradition, so to speak. Is it believed through the Bible and studies that Jesus was born into this world as a miracle from a virgin. So Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) upholds that belief and leaves room for discussion. In the early times of God and Mary and the birth of Christ it was believed that Immaculate Conception was possible, as pre-martial sex was a sin. So to have depictions of such a scene may make one wonder if it was at all possible at one point in time. This picture depicts a Virgin mother coddling her newborn, both are pictured with a â€Å"halo† above their heads which signifies the importance of their religion and the acceptance of religion into not only their life but into Gods life. As you can see here as well as in the â€Å"Mona Lisa† there is a contrast between light and dark as to separate the two bodies and distinguish the Virgin from the Child. In a personal opinion in the color choice of the Virgin as compared to the Child, I would say that light colors are used for the child because he is born pure and free from sin, where as the Virgin is with sin and thusly wears a dark robe. Art from the middle ages depicts religious events, because it was the basis of life at the time. Most art from that time were done by artists who either choose to or had to be anonymous, they we for the most part two dimensional pieces of art work with a single color background, which when looking at Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) one can see how this, the background is primarily one color, it has been shaded to show detail in the halo and architect, but holds close to the standard for Middle Aged era art. Though the painting is set fourth to show a natural pose of a mother and child, the line work and attention to detail in the human form lacks. This painting though a well painted, blends the line work of the bodies making the figures seem almost uncomfortable in their poses. The colors used in this painting may foreshadow an unhappier time for the two, as dark colors tend to represent tragic, mournful and displeased events. As one can see the â€Å"Mona Lisa† from the Renaissance and the â€Å"Virgin and Child† from the Middle Ages, share many similarities in terms of their impressions of humans. Both eras focus their art on humanism, religious, two and three dimensional works of art, the hatching used to create depth and more dimensions. Both the Renaissance and the Middle Ages have very different ways of executing the precision of the human form. The Renaissance paid very close attention to detail, the line work that is depicted in the human form is natural and lifelike, and where as artists from the Middle Ages who painted humans were stiff and motionless. Though both Eras have great works of art, it was the Renaissance that had more of a well-rounded and idealistic way of executing their work, thusly making it one of the better Eras for art. Resources Page: SNHU. Chapter Seven The Middle Ages. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I. SNHU. Module Eight The Renaissance, Reformation and Age of Exploration.† 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.

An Introduction Bogawantalawa Tea Marketing Essay

An Introduction Bogawantalawa Tea Marketing Essay We are one of the foremost tea exporters who manufacture a diversity of own label and private label products from the teas manufactured in own estates situated in the Golden Valley of Bogawantalawa. We control some of the premium High Grown and Low Grown Tea estates in the world manufacturing over 11 million kg per year. We present garden fresh teas at a cost efficient price and every consumer who works with us will have a exceptional occasion of dealing direct without going through middle men. In Sri Lanka Bogawantalawa is a tiny city in (Central province). It is situated at 1514 m elevation higher than sea level in the country. Located Bogawanthalawa is very well-known for its Tea estates among the country. a lot of key companies operate around the tow Majority of tea estates of the area is managed by a company called Bogawantalawa Tea Estates Ltd. Bogawantalawa Tea Estates is the largest Sri Lankan supplier. Theres a sense of mystique when talking about this valley. Known well over for 100 years, this mist enshrouded, mountain valley is known for its tea of outstanding purity and taste. Sought after by connoisseurs the world over, Bogawantalawa produce a unique blend of tea of unparalleled fragrance, flavor, aroma and sourced from this one single valley, it is meticulously handpicked, and comes to you fresh, from tea leaf to teacup. The Bogawantalawa Valley is a miracle of nature. On one side it is surrounded by one of the worlds most beautiful national parks and wilderness reserves, on the other side it is bordered by verdant mountains shrouded in mist. The ancient name of the Valley, Boghavanthalawa, literally means the plain of the gods. But it was not beauty alone that attracted the first Scottish planters to the Valley, way back in the year 1869. These first generation planters found that the extremely fertile soil and the high elevation were conducive to the production of high quality tea very high quality tea. High mountain winds and the abundant monsoonal rains induce a slower, more concentrated growth in the tea bushes. This in turn brings out a tea that is rich in its flowery bouquet and refreshing in its warm taste. 2.0 Mission Statement Bogawantalawa is a company of resourceful people who share a responsibility and commitment to attain excellence in managing the resource of the company by providing customers with high quality products. 2.1 Current market position In below chart we can identify who are the main competitors for Bogawantalawa Company and what is the current market situation of the company in Sri Lanka. High Price Low Price High Quality Low Quality Watawala Tea Cylonta Tea Lipton Tea Dilmah Tea Bogawantalawa Tea Competition Vs Price 2.2 Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company Products Currently Bogawanthalawa Company has been mainly produced six major products. Such as Black tea, Green tea, White tea, Herbal tea, Single Estate tea, flavored tea. These products are successfully marketed in the local market and it has started to construct profits. So the company has taken a decision to enter in to a new market with their existing products. By looking at the above positioning chart we can identify Bogawanthalawa has a High quality product for medium price when compared in to the local competitors. Place The company is looking forward to move to India as their new market. So company has identified two main competitors from existing market such as TATA Tea and Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL). Bogawantalawa Company has sold their product through their own outlets near to factory and also they have in to retail business also through supermarkets and retail shops. Price When comparing to other good brands and existing brands locally we can say that company have priced fairly for the customers. Because company have using high technology to produce the product for high quality. As an impact of using latest technology price has gone little bit up. It will be a advantage, when entering to new market to capture a potential customers company can go for a attractive pricing strategy. Promotion Tea is a product has to promote in different ways than other product. So we can use the media for give publicity first. And also we can use newspapers to give an idea what is this product and quality standards to gain customers trust. And also can have promotional campaigns in that outlets (buy two and get one free) to attract customers first into the brand. (Refer appendix 01 for more details page No 17) 2.3 SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company Once the forces affecting rivalry have been recognized, the company will be in a position to identify its strengths, weakness to overcome threats and cash on the opportunities. Under the SWOT factors I have discussed about the key issues and the opportunities that company can use. (Refer appendix 01 for SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company page No 17 18) 3.0 Market overview India and source of information Company has taken a decision to move in to a new market. Tea industry in India is old about 169 years. It inhabits a significant place and acting an extremely helpful part in the economy. So the company has chosen India as the potential market. Tea is an agro-based product and is subjected to vagary of nature. In the face of unfavorable agro climatic situation skilled in tea growing areas in numerous years, Indian Tea farm Industry is clever to maintain large growth in relative to quantity of Indian tea manufacture during the decade time. In India teas is a major beverage in the country. It also considered as the cheapest beverage among the beverages accessible in Indian market. The tea production  provides profitable straight employment to more workers mostly strained from the  backward and communally poor part of the community. It is also a considerable overseas replace earner and supply significant quantity of income to the country. In India tea plantations mainly situated in rural hills and diffident areas of North-eastern and Southern States. Kenya is fundamentally a CTC tea manufacturing country. While India is face to the competition from Indonesia and Sri Lanka with look upon to sell abroad of orthodox teas and from China with look upon to green tea export, it faces competition from other African countries and Kenya in exporting CTC teas. For India the foremost competitive countries in tea industry in the globe are Kenya, China, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. Sri Lanka and Indonesia are producing largely orthod ox varieties of tea. China is the foremost producer of green tea to the market. By looking at the factors Bogawantalawa Company has decided to move in to Indian market. Appendix 02-(SWOT analysis of Tea industry in India and PEST Analysis for Indian Tea industry and source of information page No 19-22) 3.1 Special features of the Indian Tea Industry High cost due to high input cost. Low investment in Development Programme. Huge percentage old tea and Low Productivity. No main concern for Scientific Cost Management. Production dependent of agro-climatic conditions. Labour intensive. Product Life is for limited period. Same plant and same agro-practices give variations in quality in different regions. 4.0 Competitor analysis Looking at the Indian market we can identify two main competitors. Such as TATA Tea and Hindustan Unilever Limited. TATA Tea TATA Tea is the biggest perpendicularly integrated tea industry in the globe, from its  agricultural estate activity throughout to its packaging and marketing initiatives. Tata Tea Limited, also known as Tata-Tetley, is the worlds second largest producer and distributor of tea. It also involves in the farming and produce of instant tea and black tea, tea buying, and trade of tea in bulk or value added form. It offers tea mainly under the many brand names such as TATA Tea gold, TATA Tea premium, TATA Tea Agni, Tetley, Kanan Devan, and Chakra Gold. (Refer appendix 03 for SWOT analysis of TATA Tea and internal environment analysis page No 23 24) 4.1 Assumptions The company assumes to enter in to the biggest existing market in India. Because of the high quality company assume that can capture a market soon as they go to the market. Sri Lankan tea is the one of the best Tea in the world so Bogawantalawa Company is a part of it. Company is product is high quality so company assumes that their product is better than to Indian tea when comparing to the competitors. Also assume that company can capture working class of the country because mostly rich people in the country looking forward to have coffee than tea. And company assumes their pricing strategy is better than competitor. And also assume to take over a 10 to 20% market share within the five years time period. In India lot of people prefer tea so can assume demand for tea will remain as the same. 4.2 Objectives Increase the market share 15 to 20% within the five years time. Generate brand awareness within consumer target market and  business target market. Increase the quality with new technology and reduce the price than competitors. The corporation is focused on building value around its  brands to differentiate it from competitors. Improve the distribution through best known established dealers, retailers. Create a publicity operation to build brand consciousness and distinguish products superiority from competitors through emphasizing trade-sales advertising to support delivery approach. Build a long-lasting affiliation with the  buyer and is powerfully positioned in its exacting segment. To improve market share by 4% in the each year. Market share as % 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year Total Market share Every year by 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 20% 5.0 Ansoffs Matrix for Bogawantalawa Tea Current Product New Product Current Market Market Penetration- Relationship marketing, industries cafeteria, retail stores, supermarkets. Product Development   Re branded, re packaged products, new flavors, and new varieties. New Market Market Development   Open outlets all over the country, New resellers, new delivery channel, online selling, make popular the brand and the logo. Diversification- Partnership activities, campaigns and knowledge exhibitions and workshops. 5.1 Marketing strategies For product development Pull strategy. Brand awareness. Heavy advertisements. To gain bargaining power of suppler. Pricing strategy Premium pricing strategy. Skim price in Order to gain the cream from the top of the demand curve. High price shall be changed, with a 30% increase as compared to the leading competitor. Product marketing strategies Massive campaigning using the concept of pull strategy. Allocation of advertisement budget at 5% A product focusing on the high class at a high price, thus a creating a niche market segment. Co branding through installation of finlays tea machine at different places in corporate sector or other business. Media campaigning regarding decaffeinated. Free samplings. Slowly but surely open outlets in other parts in the country. (Refer appendix 04 for more details on marketing strategies page No 25) 5.2 Target market Daily tea drinkers Offices (government and privet sector) Retail shops, resellers and supermarkets Restaurants, hotels and guesthouses Target market Portfolio Matrix for Bogawantalawa tea High High Business strengths Industry/ Market Attractiveness Low Low Hotels, Restaurants Daily tea drinkers Retail shops Supermarkets Offices 6.0 Porters Five Forces Industry rivalry à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Low switching costs. There are approximately700 tea companies in India hence there is intense rivalry amongst them. Market is dominated by a large number of unorganized players. Industry growth is slow. Bargaining Power of Buyers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Not much product demarcation in terms of taste also low switching cost. There are a large numbers of buyers purchasing the manufactured goods. Buyers purchase a huge quantity of the industrys total production. The bargaining power of buyers is extremely high as the buyers have numerous options on hand. Bargaining power of suppliers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" [Low] There are substitute like coffee available. Suppliers product creates low switching cost. There are a large number of produces of tea in India. Threats of substitutes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [Moderate] Substitutes coffee, cold drinks, fresh juices Existing customers are loyal The existing products quality and performance may be better. Substitutes price may be lower. As there are so many players in the industry a price war is unavoidable. Threats of new entrants à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Encouraging government policies like food and beverages act. Large untapped rural markets for branded tea segment in rural India and Indian tea in global markets. 6.1 Porters Strategic Matrix Low cost High cost Narrow Broad Competitive Scope Source of competitive advantage Cost Leadership Differentiation Bogawantalawa Company Cost Focus Differentiation Focus Bogawantalawa Company chooses the Differentiation strategy because it involves creation company goods unlike from and more smart from competitors. Company do this depends on the accurate nature of tea industry and of the products and services themselves, but will naturally involve durability, also brand image, functionality, support and features that companys consumers value. To make a winner of a Differentiation strategy, companies require, Good research, development and innovation. The ability to deliver high-quality tea products. Effective sales and marketing, so that the market understands the benefits offered by the differentiated offerings. 7.0 Branding Strategy Make Your Global Brands Local Use Local Brands to Establish a Market Presence Grow Your Own Local Brands When Possible Recognize That Brands May Mean Something Completely Different Address the Liabilities of Global Brands Increasing customer loyalty Contribute to unproductive expenditures in operational areas that contradict what company brand stands for Company can modify ads, but the fundamentals of slogan, logo, and color need to basically look the same. Make small changes over time so that consumers wont get puzzled and lose the product. After all, if company change ad too much and consumers dont recognize it, then company just lost all of the good will, appreciation, and trust that company have built up with branding strategy over time.  If company does want to make huge changes all at once, then company wants to tell consumers about it. Company will need to momentarily increase advertising budget so that company can keep consumers educated, and not lose them. Company might consider a direct mail campaign, or television advertisements etc. company will want to change them regularly because if not it will get really bored with the branding strategy. Until the consumer is serious about making a purchase, they wont really pay close concentration to ads. Company will feel familiar to them because they have seen ads 100 times, but only when they are ready will they really read it. Same old boring advertisement will not bore customers. Do not change the overall look and feel of ads unless you dont get the sales as company expected. (Refer appendix 05 for Brand Positioning Matrix page No 26) 7.1 Positioning Statement A brands position refers to its place in the customers minds. Positioning creates a unique space for a brand, and succinctly articulates the position to the brands core target audience. The company wants to make customers mind if goes to make a tea, that time remember what the tea there is using. Bogawantalawa Company theme is quality tea for everyone they have target the audience who loves the tea can use Black tea and who willing to reduce the weight can use green tea.etc. 7.2 Product Strategy Product strategy based on the most current company and product vision. Product differentiation strategy when company and competing firms offer a product that fulfills the same need. In a product-differentiation strategy, company goal is to put distance between your product and competitors product. Essentially, competitor sells tea A, but you Sell tea B, in company strategy, company need to produce tea B so that tea lovers find Bogawantalawa tea to be superior to companies competitors. price-based product strategy, the goods is designed according to such things as cost-plus pricing that where company set the price of the product at the production cost plus a specific profit margin, value-based pricing that where the price is derived according to the products value in relation to competitors products, and target-return pricing that where you set a price in order to receive a certain profit return. Market share Market growth rate Low High Low High Product strategy Boston Matrix Star Question mark ? Cash Cow $ Dog By doing a market survey can find how products come to the BCG matrix. After looking at the matrix cash cow products and star products will be marketed. 7.3 Pricing strategy The point is here Bogawantalawa Tea Company cannot set a price that is too high because competitors will attract by potential profits and will follow by a lower price. After having taken all the important factors into consideration, there five price level fixing seem appropriate. (Refer appendix 06 for more details on pricing strategy page No 27) 7.4 Distribution strategy (Place) Tea will be distributed by these channels; supermarkets, independent food stores, convenience stores, multiple grocers, Bogawantalawa outlets and direct sales. (Refer appendix 07 for more details on distribution strategy and the action plan for five years page No 28) 7.5 Promotion strategies Promotional activities will convey that the clear massage of Bogawantalawa Tea is a healthy drink for daily tea drinkers, sporty and young and any generation who simply enjoy taking care of the body and the pure taste of a tea. There are some product promotional strategies such as TV advertisements, Radio, Magazines, outdoors, personal selling, public relations and publicity. (Refer appendix 08 for more details on promotional strategies page No 29) 8.0 Assumed budget and Risk management Risk management involves assessing and quantifying business risks, then taking measures to manage or reduce them. Its purpose is to generate ideas and promote good practice for those involved in the business of managing risk. All too often assessments of risk are crudely made and the consequences of getting things wrong can be serious, including lost opportunities, loss of business and loss of reputation. Administration the competitors in the market also will be an additional risk. This can be prevented by providing different and more quality products to the customers. Then the customers will not try to move towards the competitive companies in the market. And also Market Risk includes interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, and investment portfolio risk. Interest Rate Risk is the risk of financial loss from changes in market interest rates. As strategic risks we can say that, Governance Risk is the risk of having an inadequate structure or body to make effective decisions. Budget By having a budget companies can allocate the resources as they wanted. And also budget will help for the company to have an idea about potential expenses and fast expenses of the company. (Refer appendix 09 for assumed Budget page No 30) 9.0 Conclusion In this report included a five years marketing plan for Bogawantalawa Company. In this report, I have discussed about how Bogawantalawa Tea industry willing to move to new market in India and how to use suitable strategies and how to market the product in very competitive environment. For get to know about environment I have done a research on competitor SWOT, PEST analysis to get a better understanding about the environment. Also I have use some theoretical matrixes to get a clear idea how the markets moves and what are the products that we should market. And also I have discussed about pricing and better promotional strategies that company will find comfortable at last I have given some recommendations that would help the Bogawantalawa Company for potential achievement and capture market share in five years time. 10.0 Recommendations As recommendations for potential success we can suggest that Increase number of service outlets, In recent times there have been numerous tea and coffee shops bounce up in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore etc Tea house shpul beset up in a similar fashion and premium quality teas should be served at these outlets. And also strategic alliance, Tie up with own range of five star hotels to supply premium quality tea also with lower end three star hotel and also local eateries. Tie-up with airlines, caterers etc to promote Bogawantalawa tea to the market. By tie up with these companies it will easy to build relationship with corporate customers and build a good customer relationship and also make popular the tea through them. And also own depots, To start own depots of Bogawantalawa Tea so that they can sell loose tea thus reducing cost of packing which will also reduce the Vat additional charges. Thus masses from lower income group would be effectively targeted. And also Launching of flavored teas bamboo cups in china bring it to India too. Launching of more flavors in India. And also Increase profit margins for retailers to achieve higher sales volume as they are the main influencing factors in lower income group people. And also providing a bundle pack like a small tea sachet free with 100 grams pack of  biscuits. 11.0 Reference Johnson, G, 2008. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 5th ed. Prentice Hall: Financial Times. Bohlander, Snell, 2007. Human Resource Management. 4th ed. USA: Thomson Higher Education. Jordan, Roass, 2006. Corporate Finance Fundamentals. 5th ed. Singapore: McGraw Hill. Global tea industry. 2011. Globa tea industry. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/28455965/Study-into-the-tea-industry-of-India. [Accessed 03 January 12]. India tea. 2011. India tea. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www1.american.edu/TED/indiatea.htm. [Accessed 04 January 12]. Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company. 2011. Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=BOPL:SL. [Accessed 06 January 12]. Bogawantalawa Company. 2011. Bogawantalawa Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bplteas.com. [Accessed 06 January 12]. swot analysis india. 2011. swot analysis india. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.indiadairy.com/ind_swot.html. [Accessed 07 January 12]. PESt analysis india. 2011. PESt analysis india. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/29980456/PESTLE-Analysis-of-India. [Accessed 09 January 12]. Competitor analysis . 2011. Competitor analysis . [ONLINE] Available at: http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/competitor_analysis.htm. [Accessed 10 January 12]. Ansoffs Matrix . 2011. Ansoffs Matrix . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/sethaphat/starbucks-presentation-presentation. [Accessed 11 January 12]. BCG Matrix. 2011. BCG Matrix. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/prasadshahane/hul-final. [Accessed 11 January 12]. 12.0 Appendix 01 Current market position Promotion Insistent Marketing Strategy Bogawantalawa can take benefit of the encouraging force down on the health repayment on tea to enhance the sales of its ice tea product line. Foundation of its media releases and promotion campaigns Company can exercise current studies on the health repayment on tea. Improve Packaging The Bogawantalawa flavored Tea are available locally in two sizes, the 500g packet and 1Kg packet. Bogawantalawa can come up with additional wrapping sizes to make sure that customers will have additional choices and that Bogawantalawa flavored Tea will be simply and willingly accessible to customers. SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company Strengths When we looking at the strengths of Bogawantalawa Company we can identify that company has a old industry record, long experience, new technical and man power skills, good research and development support, mostly they pick tea from their own estates so cost advantage, assets leverage, effective communication, innovations through experience in the company, loyal customers from long time because of the image of the company and the high quality, also market share leadership, strong management team, strong brand equity, every company should have financial sustainability so this will be great advantage for the Bogawantalawa company, strong supply chain, and having fair product price among the competitors. And also the quality control within the company is good. Company having a strong image in the local market, so it will be advantage when moving into new market. Weakness Basically min development investment, stagnant production, less effective cost management, declining exports are major weakness can see from the Bogawantalawa Company but there are some more such as diseconomies of scale, low R D, less online presence, less diversified, weak real-estate, the facility for the production of the tea have become obsolete. The growing stock is old and has lost productivity. Factory modernization is slow and there is an imbalance in the production ratio of orthodox. The productivity is low when comparing to the international players. Above mentions the main and weaknesses of the Bogawantalawa Company. Opportunities As opportunities we can see that quality and brand equity, export potential, big domestic market, financial institutional support, acquisitions, financial markets, emerging markets and expansion abroad, innovation, go through online selling and online marketing, takeovers, world demand is for black tea expected grow rate is 3.2% per year. The substantial part of demand coming from the developing counties, particularly middle east and CIS countries which has preference of orthodox tea. Also CIS counties willing to buy who providing good and quality product so this will be potential opportunity for the company. The future consumption potential in other markets is so high. Company produces a wide array of tea, from high quality light tea to strong dark tea. It can exploit this ability to expand the product line and diversify into related products. These are the major opportunities that company has identified. Threats Threats for the company such as open global competition, low cost in some countries (Kenya), uncertain price, cheaper technology, economic slowdown, external changes (governments, Tax and regulations, politics.etc), exchange rates fluctuations, maturing categories products, price wars and also product substitution such as soft drinks and coffee. Kenya has overtaken the Sri Lanka as the worlds largest exporter of tea, the technology development and product development is low when comparing to the competitors because of the cost factor. Stagnant infrastructure development may decrease the industrys ability to compete internationally. These are the main threats that Bogawantalawa Company has been facing on. Appendix 02 SWOT analysis of Tea industry in India Strengths We can see that main Strengths are such as Technical Manpower Skill- Due to a huge population base in India Technical and manpower Skill is available in plentiful. And also Demand for tea has been growing at some 2% per annum and should accelerate further. And good Research Support by tea growers has will help industry grow further. Weaknesses Major weaknesses are such as Supply from more efficient players like Kenya, China, Sri lanka. And also Labor intensive industry- The second generation labors is unwilling to join this industry therefore it could pretense a problem of skilled manpower in the near future. And also No efficient Cost Management system adopted by industries and other regulatory  bodies, and Declining Export of India over the years. Opportunities It will be benefit for the companies who exist for achieve future opportunities. The main opportunities are to come up with new flavors and formulation of the tea, tea houses to popularize the impression of tea in India, also Export Potential if India can increase its production capacity, and To make tea more acceptable and fashionable like coffee and Large untapped rural market for branded tea companies lile Hul and Tata Tea. These are the main opportunities can gather from the environment. Threats When we look at the environment of the India we can see that there are four main threats for the tea industry such as Low Cost in some countries like China, Sri Lanka and Kenya, Cost escalation on account of increase in the cost of production, Import of Tea from other countries and also global competition. PEST Analysis for Indian Tea industry Political factors Trade Agreements Employment laws Tax policy Trade restriction and Tariffs Political stability Environmental regulations Industry specific regulations Economic factors Demand for food and beverages Customers buying power Exchange rate and taxation Economic growth Foreign Investment Foreign Investment Interest Rate Raw material Availability Social factors Population growth rate Health Consciousness Social cultural changes Trend of Buyers Career attitude Consumer preference Change in life style and occupation Education Technological factors Advances in manufacturing IT developments Research and development activities Industrial