Thursday, October 31, 2019

Analysis of AT & T Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Analysis of AT & T Organization - Essay Example This organization is originally a company of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of telephone services, and has their headquarters in Boston. The organization is a previous monopoly business that serves the population in the telecommunications and information technology sector (Keidel, 2005). It involves itself in the development and sale of telecommunication services in the country and across the entire globe (Verzuh, 2007). The organization has recently been experiencing problems in the loss of customers to their competitor, Verizon Corporation. This is because their competitor’s did introduce a similar product to their iphone. They are also able to offer better pacts than the organization (Green, 2006). For example, Verizon Corporation offers no limitations on data transfers and still charges a set price. The organization is currently unable to provide their customers with the satisfaction they require from the network capabilities on offer. This results in the company maki ng big losses in terms of customers leaving the organization for their competitors. The organization has not been able to keep their customers to the business (Valikangas, 2010). I would like to suggest that the company develops a project to explore into these issues. They should form teams comprising of experts and some technical staff to address this issue across their various branches. The organization will expect to improve their products and increase the number of customers to their business (Valikangas, 2010). Analysis of the Current Situation This organization offers telephone communication services across twenty-two states in America. The company also offers internet facilities, data transfers and phone services. Financial analysts in the company suggest that the organization is likely to make profits in the next few years. The organization is also currently enjoying great revenues from their wireless trade (Estabrooks, 2005). The organizations debt currently stands at $1.4 billion, which is below EBITDA standards by 1.6 periods. Their pensions are hard to approximate and it finds difficulties in their cash flows since they have many debt to repay and dividends to pay to the shareholders. The dividends they pay out amount to more than ten billion dollars (Temin and Galambos, 2007). The organization intends to acquire another company by the name of T-Mobile USA. These activities are likely to affect the organizations capital composition though the financial analysts believe that the company’s performance will remain constant. The company has to cut the costs they incur to ensure that their performances remains relevant to the current market conditions (Hodges, 2002). The disadvantage that the organization currently encounters on limitations in their network will get their solutions after the organization acquires the additional firm. The management of AT&T expects that the additional organization will come with the networking resources they requi re. The organization’s provision of wireless services is far beyond their competitors abilities. The organizations leadership focuses their cash on the repayment of their debts (Ellis, 2009). This move did come into play over the past few years with the aim of reducing their debts. This act enables the company to cut their costs to the current value of 65 billion dollars. Their investment formation remains the most traditional in their industry. This gives the company the advantage of quickly adjusting to changes in the economic conditions the country experiences (Temin and Galambos, 2007). The organization’s main competitor in the provision of Iphones, Verizon, has a customer base of more than ninety four million people and makes over a

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

A Look Into The Arts Essay Example for Free

A Look Into The Arts Essay Art is one aspect of the past that has carried on for decades. Art in any form may it be poetry, novels, and playwright, sculpting as well as painting, has been an outlet for generations and continues to be an outlet and a means for expression. This paper will discuss â€Å" The Mona Lisa† one of Da Vinci’s most famous paintings, as well as another great painting, Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380). Both paintings focus on the human form and exhibit many variations of styles from lines, shading, color and possible meanings behind the work. The first piece of artwork that will be looked is from the Renaissance Era. Da Vinci’s â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c. 1519) a painting that is known around the world, which has been known to cause skepticism as to who is this woman. Did she really exist? Or is this merely a self-portrait that Da Vinci was able to show his private devotion for the female form? The second piece of artwork that will be discussed is from The Middle Ages. Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) both pieces of art work stem from different eras but share many commonalities as well as shows the transformation of art techniques from Sfumato, to perspective, as well as linear perspective, Humanism, foreshortening and more between each era. In the Early Renaissance Era, artists from Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael Sanzio, Piero della Francesca, Sandro Botticelli and more, developed a passion and ability to create art that could capture a moment may it be a beautiful moment or tragic moment. These artists were also able spark creativity and question in the human mind as to what is or was and why. Much like the middle Ages, art from both eras focused on religious forms, humanism, from the finite details of a lock of hair to the muscle tone. The Renaissance era developed the linear perspective to create; depth and angles in work, though the Middle Ages opened the door for linear perspective to be created. Most depictions from the Middle Ages showed a human form that was stiff and schematic, like a rough draft that was never completed. However art from the Renaissance Era had a profound effect on European art. Lilian H. Zirpolo (SNHU. Chapter 8. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.) Stated â€Å" The outburst of creativity of the era, resulted in the most influential artistic revolution ever to have taken place.† There was so much depth and thought put into Renaissance art that it was the stepping-stone for all who dared to create. Da Vinci’ s the â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c.1519) holds Miss. Zirpolo’s statement to be true. When viewing the piece, one can see the exquisite line work and Foreshortening, to linear perspective. This art form shows his attention to detail and his passion for his work. The â€Å"Mona Lisa† (c.1519) is a small piece of artwork that became very popular. To this day the â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c.1519) still triumphs over Michelangelo’s â€Å"Creation Of Adam† (c.1511), which became a part of the â€Å"Sistine Chapel.†(C.1512) When one views â€Å"The Mona Lisa† they can see the dark color scale that is used, perhaps to depict an unhappy time. Da Vinci through out this piece is able to use an aerial perspective within the background of this portrait. Da Vinci was the first artist to successfully depict an aerial perspective. Da Vinci also uses Sfumato in his negative space by blending, blurring and softening the landscape, this technique is used to create a gradual transition between areas of different color, avoiding sharp outlines, to which I believe was done as to not take away the focal point in his positive space of the canvas. Another great aspect to the â€Å"Mona Lisa† is that is demonstrates the art of science discoveries that came to fruition in the Renaissance period, which is that they were able to acknowledge how the eye perceives light, thusly how light reacts with colors and how the human eye adapts to the change in color and light. So why is that of any significance in art? Well when one takes a painting such as the â€Å"Mona Lisa† once can see how the color gradation changes to separate the neck and face from her clothing. It creates more of a realistic feel to the art. The Middle Ages on the other hand focused on two-dimensional compositions, their depictions of humans were frail and stiff, and the human art form was inert. (SNHU. The Middle Ages. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.) Like art from the Renaissance, they also focused a lot on Religion, saint hood and humans. In fact it depicted the importance of humans based on the size they were painted or sculpted. It focused on women and God, as the two were of major importance at the time. Woman we scared and givers of life and love, their beauty was unfounded and they were cherished. God was the almighty and the one who created a life form that woman were there to carry on the tradition, so to speak. Is it believed through the Bible and studies that Jesus was born into this world as a miracle from a virgin. So Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) upholds that belief and leaves room for discussion. In the early times of God and Mary and the birth of Christ it was believed that Immaculate Conception was possible, as pre-martial sex was a sin. So to have depictions of such a scene may make one wonder if it was at all possible at one point in time. This picture depicts a Virgin mother coddling her newborn, both are pictured with a â€Å"halo† above their heads which signifies the importance of their religion and the acceptance of religion into not only their life but into Gods life. As you can see here as well as in the â€Å"Mona Lisa† there is a contrast between light and dark as to separate the two bodies and distinguish the Virgin from the Child. In a personal opinion in the color choice of the Virgin as compared to the Child, I would say that light colors are used for the child because he is born pure and free from sin, where as the Virgin is with sin and thusly wears a dark robe. Art from the middle ages depicts religious events, because it was the basis of life at the time. Most art from that time were done by artists who either choose to or had to be anonymous, they we for the most part two dimensional pieces of art work with a single color background, which when looking at Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) one can see how this, the background is primarily one color, it has been shaded to show detail in the halo and architect, but holds close to the standard for Middle Aged era art. Though the painting is set fourth to show a natural pose of a mother and child, the line work and attention to detail in the human form lacks. This painting though a well painted, blends the line work of the bodies making the figures seem almost uncomfortable in their poses. The colors used in this painting may foreshadow an unhappier time for the two, as dark colors tend to represent tragic, mournful and displeased events. As one can see the â€Å"Mona Lisa† from the Renaissance and the â€Å"Virgin and Child† from the Middle Ages, share many similarities in terms of their impressions of humans. Both eras focus their art on humanism, religious, two and three dimensional works of art, the hatching used to create depth and more dimensions. Both the Renaissance and the Middle Ages have very different ways of executing the precision of the human form. The Renaissance paid very close attention to detail, the line work that is depicted in the human form is natural and lifelike, and where as artists from the Middle Ages who painted humans were stiff and motionless. Though both Eras have great works of art, it was the Renaissance that had more of a well-rounded and idealistic way of executing their work, thusly making it one of the better Eras for art. Resources Page: SNHU. Chapter Seven The Middle Ages. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I. SNHU. Module Eight The Renaissance, Reformation and Age of Exploration.† 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

An Introduction Bogawantalawa Tea Marketing Essay

An Introduction Bogawantalawa Tea Marketing Essay We are one of the foremost tea exporters who manufacture a diversity of own label and private label products from the teas manufactured in own estates situated in the Golden Valley of Bogawantalawa. We control some of the premium High Grown and Low Grown Tea estates in the world manufacturing over 11 million kg per year. We present garden fresh teas at a cost efficient price and every consumer who works with us will have a exceptional occasion of dealing direct without going through middle men. In Sri Lanka Bogawantalawa is a tiny city in (Central province). It is situated at 1514 m elevation higher than sea level in the country. Located Bogawanthalawa is very well-known for its Tea estates among the country. a lot of key companies operate around the tow Majority of tea estates of the area is managed by a company called Bogawantalawa Tea Estates Ltd. Bogawantalawa Tea Estates is the largest Sri Lankan supplier. Theres a sense of mystique when talking about this valley. Known well over for 100 years, this mist enshrouded, mountain valley is known for its tea of outstanding purity and taste. Sought after by connoisseurs the world over, Bogawantalawa produce a unique blend of tea of unparalleled fragrance, flavor, aroma and sourced from this one single valley, it is meticulously handpicked, and comes to you fresh, from tea leaf to teacup. The Bogawantalawa Valley is a miracle of nature. On one side it is surrounded by one of the worlds most beautiful national parks and wilderness reserves, on the other side it is bordered by verdant mountains shrouded in mist. The ancient name of the Valley, Boghavanthalawa, literally means the plain of the gods. But it was not beauty alone that attracted the first Scottish planters to the Valley, way back in the year 1869. These first generation planters found that the extremely fertile soil and the high elevation were conducive to the production of high quality tea very high quality tea. High mountain winds and the abundant monsoonal rains induce a slower, more concentrated growth in the tea bushes. This in turn brings out a tea that is rich in its flowery bouquet and refreshing in its warm taste. 2.0 Mission Statement Bogawantalawa is a company of resourceful people who share a responsibility and commitment to attain excellence in managing the resource of the company by providing customers with high quality products. 2.1 Current market position In below chart we can identify who are the main competitors for Bogawantalawa Company and what is the current market situation of the company in Sri Lanka. High Price Low Price High Quality Low Quality Watawala Tea Cylonta Tea Lipton Tea Dilmah Tea Bogawantalawa Tea Competition Vs Price 2.2 Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company Products Currently Bogawanthalawa Company has been mainly produced six major products. Such as Black tea, Green tea, White tea, Herbal tea, Single Estate tea, flavored tea. These products are successfully marketed in the local market and it has started to construct profits. So the company has taken a decision to enter in to a new market with their existing products. By looking at the above positioning chart we can identify Bogawanthalawa has a High quality product for medium price when compared in to the local competitors. Place The company is looking forward to move to India as their new market. So company has identified two main competitors from existing market such as TATA Tea and Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL). Bogawantalawa Company has sold their product through their own outlets near to factory and also they have in to retail business also through supermarkets and retail shops. Price When comparing to other good brands and existing brands locally we can say that company have priced fairly for the customers. Because company have using high technology to produce the product for high quality. As an impact of using latest technology price has gone little bit up. It will be a advantage, when entering to new market to capture a potential customers company can go for a attractive pricing strategy. Promotion Tea is a product has to promote in different ways than other product. So we can use the media for give publicity first. And also we can use newspapers to give an idea what is this product and quality standards to gain customers trust. And also can have promotional campaigns in that outlets (buy two and get one free) to attract customers first into the brand. (Refer appendix 01 for more details page No 17) 2.3 SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company Once the forces affecting rivalry have been recognized, the company will be in a position to identify its strengths, weakness to overcome threats and cash on the opportunities. Under the SWOT factors I have discussed about the key issues and the opportunities that company can use. (Refer appendix 01 for SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company page No 17 18) 3.0 Market overview India and source of information Company has taken a decision to move in to a new market. Tea industry in India is old about 169 years. It inhabits a significant place and acting an extremely helpful part in the economy. So the company has chosen India as the potential market. Tea is an agro-based product and is subjected to vagary of nature. In the face of unfavorable agro climatic situation skilled in tea growing areas in numerous years, Indian Tea farm Industry is clever to maintain large growth in relative to quantity of Indian tea manufacture during the decade time. In India teas is a major beverage in the country. It also considered as the cheapest beverage among the beverages accessible in Indian market. The tea production  provides profitable straight employment to more workers mostly strained from the  backward and communally poor part of the community. It is also a considerable overseas replace earner and supply significant quantity of income to the country. In India tea plantations mainly situated in rural hills and diffident areas of North-eastern and Southern States. Kenya is fundamentally a CTC tea manufacturing country. While India is face to the competition from Indonesia and Sri Lanka with look upon to sell abroad of orthodox teas and from China with look upon to green tea export, it faces competition from other African countries and Kenya in exporting CTC teas. For India the foremost competitive countries in tea industry in the globe are Kenya, China, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. Sri Lanka and Indonesia are producing largely orthod ox varieties of tea. China is the foremost producer of green tea to the market. By looking at the factors Bogawantalawa Company has decided to move in to Indian market. Appendix 02-(SWOT analysis of Tea industry in India and PEST Analysis for Indian Tea industry and source of information page No 19-22) 3.1 Special features of the Indian Tea Industry High cost due to high input cost. Low investment in Development Programme. Huge percentage old tea and Low Productivity. No main concern for Scientific Cost Management. Production dependent of agro-climatic conditions. Labour intensive. Product Life is for limited period. Same plant and same agro-practices give variations in quality in different regions. 4.0 Competitor analysis Looking at the Indian market we can identify two main competitors. Such as TATA Tea and Hindustan Unilever Limited. TATA Tea TATA Tea is the biggest perpendicularly integrated tea industry in the globe, from its  agricultural estate activity throughout to its packaging and marketing initiatives. Tata Tea Limited, also known as Tata-Tetley, is the worlds second largest producer and distributor of tea. It also involves in the farming and produce of instant tea and black tea, tea buying, and trade of tea in bulk or value added form. It offers tea mainly under the many brand names such as TATA Tea gold, TATA Tea premium, TATA Tea Agni, Tetley, Kanan Devan, and Chakra Gold. (Refer appendix 03 for SWOT analysis of TATA Tea and internal environment analysis page No 23 24) 4.1 Assumptions The company assumes to enter in to the biggest existing market in India. Because of the high quality company assume that can capture a market soon as they go to the market. Sri Lankan tea is the one of the best Tea in the world so Bogawantalawa Company is a part of it. Company is product is high quality so company assumes that their product is better than to Indian tea when comparing to the competitors. Also assume that company can capture working class of the country because mostly rich people in the country looking forward to have coffee than tea. And company assumes their pricing strategy is better than competitor. And also assume to take over a 10 to 20% market share within the five years time period. In India lot of people prefer tea so can assume demand for tea will remain as the same. 4.2 Objectives Increase the market share 15 to 20% within the five years time. Generate brand awareness within consumer target market and  business target market. Increase the quality with new technology and reduce the price than competitors. The corporation is focused on building value around its  brands to differentiate it from competitors. Improve the distribution through best known established dealers, retailers. Create a publicity operation to build brand consciousness and distinguish products superiority from competitors through emphasizing trade-sales advertising to support delivery approach. Build a long-lasting affiliation with the  buyer and is powerfully positioned in its exacting segment. To improve market share by 4% in the each year. Market share as % 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year Total Market share Every year by 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 20% 5.0 Ansoffs Matrix for Bogawantalawa Tea Current Product New Product Current Market Market Penetration- Relationship marketing, industries cafeteria, retail stores, supermarkets. Product Development   Re branded, re packaged products, new flavors, and new varieties. New Market Market Development   Open outlets all over the country, New resellers, new delivery channel, online selling, make popular the brand and the logo. Diversification- Partnership activities, campaigns and knowledge exhibitions and workshops. 5.1 Marketing strategies For product development Pull strategy. Brand awareness. Heavy advertisements. To gain bargaining power of suppler. Pricing strategy Premium pricing strategy. Skim price in Order to gain the cream from the top of the demand curve. High price shall be changed, with a 30% increase as compared to the leading competitor. Product marketing strategies Massive campaigning using the concept of pull strategy. Allocation of advertisement budget at 5% A product focusing on the high class at a high price, thus a creating a niche market segment. Co branding through installation of finlays tea machine at different places in corporate sector or other business. Media campaigning regarding decaffeinated. Free samplings. Slowly but surely open outlets in other parts in the country. (Refer appendix 04 for more details on marketing strategies page No 25) 5.2 Target market Daily tea drinkers Offices (government and privet sector) Retail shops, resellers and supermarkets Restaurants, hotels and guesthouses Target market Portfolio Matrix for Bogawantalawa tea High High Business strengths Industry/ Market Attractiveness Low Low Hotels, Restaurants Daily tea drinkers Retail shops Supermarkets Offices 6.0 Porters Five Forces Industry rivalry à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Low switching costs. There are approximately700 tea companies in India hence there is intense rivalry amongst them. Market is dominated by a large number of unorganized players. Industry growth is slow. Bargaining Power of Buyers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Not much product demarcation in terms of taste also low switching cost. There are a large numbers of buyers purchasing the manufactured goods. Buyers purchase a huge quantity of the industrys total production. The bargaining power of buyers is extremely high as the buyers have numerous options on hand. Bargaining power of suppliers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" [Low] There are substitute like coffee available. Suppliers product creates low switching cost. There are a large number of produces of tea in India. Threats of substitutes à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [Moderate] Substitutes coffee, cold drinks, fresh juices Existing customers are loyal The existing products quality and performance may be better. Substitutes price may be lower. As there are so many players in the industry a price war is unavoidable. Threats of new entrants à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ [High] Encouraging government policies like food and beverages act. Large untapped rural markets for branded tea segment in rural India and Indian tea in global markets. 6.1 Porters Strategic Matrix Low cost High cost Narrow Broad Competitive Scope Source of competitive advantage Cost Leadership Differentiation Bogawantalawa Company Cost Focus Differentiation Focus Bogawantalawa Company chooses the Differentiation strategy because it involves creation company goods unlike from and more smart from competitors. Company do this depends on the accurate nature of tea industry and of the products and services themselves, but will naturally involve durability, also brand image, functionality, support and features that companys consumers value. To make a winner of a Differentiation strategy, companies require, Good research, development and innovation. The ability to deliver high-quality tea products. Effective sales and marketing, so that the market understands the benefits offered by the differentiated offerings. 7.0 Branding Strategy Make Your Global Brands Local Use Local Brands to Establish a Market Presence Grow Your Own Local Brands When Possible Recognize That Brands May Mean Something Completely Different Address the Liabilities of Global Brands Increasing customer loyalty Contribute to unproductive expenditures in operational areas that contradict what company brand stands for Company can modify ads, but the fundamentals of slogan, logo, and color need to basically look the same. Make small changes over time so that consumers wont get puzzled and lose the product. After all, if company change ad too much and consumers dont recognize it, then company just lost all of the good will, appreciation, and trust that company have built up with branding strategy over time.  If company does want to make huge changes all at once, then company wants to tell consumers about it. Company will need to momentarily increase advertising budget so that company can keep consumers educated, and not lose them. Company might consider a direct mail campaign, or television advertisements etc. company will want to change them regularly because if not it will get really bored with the branding strategy. Until the consumer is serious about making a purchase, they wont really pay close concentration to ads. Company will feel familiar to them because they have seen ads 100 times, but only when they are ready will they really read it. Same old boring advertisement will not bore customers. Do not change the overall look and feel of ads unless you dont get the sales as company expected. (Refer appendix 05 for Brand Positioning Matrix page No 26) 7.1 Positioning Statement A brands position refers to its place in the customers minds. Positioning creates a unique space for a brand, and succinctly articulates the position to the brands core target audience. The company wants to make customers mind if goes to make a tea, that time remember what the tea there is using. Bogawantalawa Company theme is quality tea for everyone they have target the audience who loves the tea can use Black tea and who willing to reduce the weight can use green tea.etc. 7.2 Product Strategy Product strategy based on the most current company and product vision. Product differentiation strategy when company and competing firms offer a product that fulfills the same need. In a product-differentiation strategy, company goal is to put distance between your product and competitors product. Essentially, competitor sells tea A, but you Sell tea B, in company strategy, company need to produce tea B so that tea lovers find Bogawantalawa tea to be superior to companies competitors. price-based product strategy, the goods is designed according to such things as cost-plus pricing that where company set the price of the product at the production cost plus a specific profit margin, value-based pricing that where the price is derived according to the products value in relation to competitors products, and target-return pricing that where you set a price in order to receive a certain profit return. Market share Market growth rate Low High Low High Product strategy Boston Matrix Star Question mark ? Cash Cow $ Dog By doing a market survey can find how products come to the BCG matrix. After looking at the matrix cash cow products and star products will be marketed. 7.3 Pricing strategy The point is here Bogawantalawa Tea Company cannot set a price that is too high because competitors will attract by potential profits and will follow by a lower price. After having taken all the important factors into consideration, there five price level fixing seem appropriate. (Refer appendix 06 for more details on pricing strategy page No 27) 7.4 Distribution strategy (Place) Tea will be distributed by these channels; supermarkets, independent food stores, convenience stores, multiple grocers, Bogawantalawa outlets and direct sales. (Refer appendix 07 for more details on distribution strategy and the action plan for five years page No 28) 7.5 Promotion strategies Promotional activities will convey that the clear massage of Bogawantalawa Tea is a healthy drink for daily tea drinkers, sporty and young and any generation who simply enjoy taking care of the body and the pure taste of a tea. There are some product promotional strategies such as TV advertisements, Radio, Magazines, outdoors, personal selling, public relations and publicity. (Refer appendix 08 for more details on promotional strategies page No 29) 8.0 Assumed budget and Risk management Risk management involves assessing and quantifying business risks, then taking measures to manage or reduce them. Its purpose is to generate ideas and promote good practice for those involved in the business of managing risk. All too often assessments of risk are crudely made and the consequences of getting things wrong can be serious, including lost opportunities, loss of business and loss of reputation. Administration the competitors in the market also will be an additional risk. This can be prevented by providing different and more quality products to the customers. Then the customers will not try to move towards the competitive companies in the market. And also Market Risk includes interest rate risk, foreign currency risk, and investment portfolio risk. Interest Rate Risk is the risk of financial loss from changes in market interest rates. As strategic risks we can say that, Governance Risk is the risk of having an inadequate structure or body to make effective decisions. Budget By having a budget companies can allocate the resources as they wanted. And also budget will help for the company to have an idea about potential expenses and fast expenses of the company. (Refer appendix 09 for assumed Budget page No 30) 9.0 Conclusion In this report included a five years marketing plan for Bogawantalawa Company. In this report, I have discussed about how Bogawantalawa Tea industry willing to move to new market in India and how to use suitable strategies and how to market the product in very competitive environment. For get to know about environment I have done a research on competitor SWOT, PEST analysis to get a better understanding about the environment. Also I have use some theoretical matrixes to get a clear idea how the markets moves and what are the products that we should market. And also I have discussed about pricing and better promotional strategies that company will find comfortable at last I have given some recommendations that would help the Bogawantalawa Company for potential achievement and capture market share in five years time. 10.0 Recommendations As recommendations for potential success we can suggest that Increase number of service outlets, In recent times there have been numerous tea and coffee shops bounce up in cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore etc Tea house shpul beset up in a similar fashion and premium quality teas should be served at these outlets. And also strategic alliance, Tie up with own range of five star hotels to supply premium quality tea also with lower end three star hotel and also local eateries. Tie-up with airlines, caterers etc to promote Bogawantalawa tea to the market. By tie up with these companies it will easy to build relationship with corporate customers and build a good customer relationship and also make popular the tea through them. And also own depots, To start own depots of Bogawantalawa Tea so that they can sell loose tea thus reducing cost of packing which will also reduce the Vat additional charges. Thus masses from lower income group would be effectively targeted. And also Launching of flavored teas bamboo cups in china bring it to India too. Launching of more flavors in India. And also Increase profit margins for retailers to achieve higher sales volume as they are the main influencing factors in lower income group people. And also providing a bundle pack like a small tea sachet free with 100 grams pack of  biscuits. 11.0 Reference Johnson, G, 2008. Exploring Corporate Strategy. 5th ed. Prentice Hall: Financial Times. Bohlander, Snell, 2007. Human Resource Management. 4th ed. USA: Thomson Higher Education. Jordan, Roass, 2006. Corporate Finance Fundamentals. 5th ed. Singapore: McGraw Hill. Global tea industry. 2011. Globa tea industry. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/28455965/Study-into-the-tea-industry-of-India. [Accessed 03 January 12]. India tea. 2011. India tea. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www1.american.edu/TED/indiatea.htm. [Accessed 04 January 12]. Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company. 2011. Four Ps for Bogawantalawa Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=BOPL:SL. [Accessed 06 January 12]. Bogawantalawa Company. 2011. Bogawantalawa Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bplteas.com. [Accessed 06 January 12]. swot analysis india. 2011. swot analysis india. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.indiadairy.com/ind_swot.html. [Accessed 07 January 12]. PESt analysis india. 2011. PESt analysis india. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/29980456/PESTLE-Analysis-of-India. [Accessed 09 January 12]. Competitor analysis . 2011. Competitor analysis . [ONLINE] Available at: http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/competitor_analysis.htm. [Accessed 10 January 12]. Ansoffs Matrix . 2011. Ansoffs Matrix . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/sethaphat/starbucks-presentation-presentation. [Accessed 11 January 12]. BCG Matrix. 2011. BCG Matrix. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/prasadshahane/hul-final. [Accessed 11 January 12]. 12.0 Appendix 01 Current market position Promotion Insistent Marketing Strategy Bogawantalawa can take benefit of the encouraging force down on the health repayment on tea to enhance the sales of its ice tea product line. Foundation of its media releases and promotion campaigns Company can exercise current studies on the health repayment on tea. Improve Packaging The Bogawantalawa flavored Tea are available locally in two sizes, the 500g packet and 1Kg packet. Bogawantalawa can come up with additional wrapping sizes to make sure that customers will have additional choices and that Bogawantalawa flavored Tea will be simply and willingly accessible to customers. SWOT analysis for Bogawantalawa Company Strengths When we looking at the strengths of Bogawantalawa Company we can identify that company has a old industry record, long experience, new technical and man power skills, good research and development support, mostly they pick tea from their own estates so cost advantage, assets leverage, effective communication, innovations through experience in the company, loyal customers from long time because of the image of the company and the high quality, also market share leadership, strong management team, strong brand equity, every company should have financial sustainability so this will be great advantage for the Bogawantalawa company, strong supply chain, and having fair product price among the competitors. And also the quality control within the company is good. Company having a strong image in the local market, so it will be advantage when moving into new market. Weakness Basically min development investment, stagnant production, less effective cost management, declining exports are major weakness can see from the Bogawantalawa Company but there are some more such as diseconomies of scale, low R D, less online presence, less diversified, weak real-estate, the facility for the production of the tea have become obsolete. The growing stock is old and has lost productivity. Factory modernization is slow and there is an imbalance in the production ratio of orthodox. The productivity is low when comparing to the international players. Above mentions the main and weaknesses of the Bogawantalawa Company. Opportunities As opportunities we can see that quality and brand equity, export potential, big domestic market, financial institutional support, acquisitions, financial markets, emerging markets and expansion abroad, innovation, go through online selling and online marketing, takeovers, world demand is for black tea expected grow rate is 3.2% per year. The substantial part of demand coming from the developing counties, particularly middle east and CIS countries which has preference of orthodox tea. Also CIS counties willing to buy who providing good and quality product so this will be potential opportunity for the company. The future consumption potential in other markets is so high. Company produces a wide array of tea, from high quality light tea to strong dark tea. It can exploit this ability to expand the product line and diversify into related products. These are the major opportunities that company has identified. Threats Threats for the company such as open global competition, low cost in some countries (Kenya), uncertain price, cheaper technology, economic slowdown, external changes (governments, Tax and regulations, politics.etc), exchange rates fluctuations, maturing categories products, price wars and also product substitution such as soft drinks and coffee. Kenya has overtaken the Sri Lanka as the worlds largest exporter of tea, the technology development and product development is low when comparing to the competitors because of the cost factor. Stagnant infrastructure development may decrease the industrys ability to compete internationally. These are the main threats that Bogawantalawa Company has been facing on. Appendix 02 SWOT analysis of Tea industry in India Strengths We can see that main Strengths are such as Technical Manpower Skill- Due to a huge population base in India Technical and manpower Skill is available in plentiful. And also Demand for tea has been growing at some 2% per annum and should accelerate further. And good Research Support by tea growers has will help industry grow further. Weaknesses Major weaknesses are such as Supply from more efficient players like Kenya, China, Sri lanka. And also Labor intensive industry- The second generation labors is unwilling to join this industry therefore it could pretense a problem of skilled manpower in the near future. And also No efficient Cost Management system adopted by industries and other regulatory  bodies, and Declining Export of India over the years. Opportunities It will be benefit for the companies who exist for achieve future opportunities. The main opportunities are to come up with new flavors and formulation of the tea, tea houses to popularize the impression of tea in India, also Export Potential if India can increase its production capacity, and To make tea more acceptable and fashionable like coffee and Large untapped rural market for branded tea companies lile Hul and Tata Tea. These are the main opportunities can gather from the environment. Threats When we look at the environment of the India we can see that there are four main threats for the tea industry such as Low Cost in some countries like China, Sri Lanka and Kenya, Cost escalation on account of increase in the cost of production, Import of Tea from other countries and also global competition. PEST Analysis for Indian Tea industry Political factors Trade Agreements Employment laws Tax policy Trade restriction and Tariffs Political stability Environmental regulations Industry specific regulations Economic factors Demand for food and beverages Customers buying power Exchange rate and taxation Economic growth Foreign Investment Foreign Investment Interest Rate Raw material Availability Social factors Population growth rate Health Consciousness Social cultural changes Trend of Buyers Career attitude Consumer preference Change in life style and occupation Education Technological factors Advances in manufacturing IT developments Research and development activities Industrial

Friday, October 25, 2019

catcher in the rye Essay -- essays research papers fc

Hello, is Salinger There?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  J. D. Salinger’s only published full-length novel, The Catcher in the Rye, has become one of the most enduring classics of American literature. The novel’s story is told in retrospect by the main character, Holden Caulfield, while staying in a psychiatric hospital in California. This is a coming of age tale that is wrought with irony. Holden Caulfield, Mr. Antolini, and Phoebe are the main symbols of irony.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first and most obvious subject of irony is the novel’s protagonist, Holden Caulfield. His hatred for anything â€Å"phony† is ironic because he to is deceitful. He is constantly performing by taking a new identity for each new situation he is in. For example, in the train scene he makes up stories about one of his classmates in order to delight his classmate’s mother. He not only initiates a new identity for himself, but he also spawns a whole new fictional account of life at Pencey Prep. He even admits that he is an impressive liar. Because of his hatred for anything artificial, he searches for something real. In his naà ¯ve and desperate way he is searching for anything which is innocent and sincere (Parker 300). He fantasizes about removing himself from society and becoming a reclusive deaf mute. Regardless of his independent personality, he clearly demonstrates how severely he needs companionship. His thoughts are always of his sister , Jane Gallagher, and additional people. Another fantasy of Holden’s is to be the â€Å"catcher† of children’s innocence. Holden’s fantasy elaborates his obsession with innocence and his perhaps surprisingly moral code (Walters 1009). However, it is clear that his real desire is to be salvaged from the emptiness of his negativism. This is realized when he telephones Mr. Antolini and when he admits that he almost hopes that his parents will catch him as he sneaks out of the apartment. The Catcher, in fact, wants to be caught, the saviour saved (Engle 45).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Antolini is the subject of irony because he is actually a â€Å"catcher,† even though he is a different kind of catcher from the one Holden imagines. Holden believes that he has already fallen over the cliff into the dissatisfaction that automatically goes together with adulthood. He felt the world has let him slip trough the cracks alone and unassisted. Therefor... ... Holden states: â€Å"What really knocks me out is a book that, when you’re all done reading it, you wish the author who wrote it was a terrific friend of yours and you could call him up on the phone whenever you felt like it† (Salinger 18). J.D. Salinger is not available for phone conversations, but generations of readers have felt that the book alone provides that kind of close connection with its author (Guinn). Works cited Engle, Steven, ed. â€Å"Symbolism in The Catcher in the Rye.† Readings on The Catcher in the Rye. San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998. 44-50. Guinn, Jeff. â€Å"Rye relevance 50 Years Ago.† Fort Worth Star Telegram. 5 August 2001. Parker, Peter, ed. â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye.† A readers Guide to the Twentieth Century Novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: Oxford, 1995. 299-300. Rollins, Jill. â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye.† Cyclopedia of Literary characters Revised Edition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ed. Magill, Frank M. Pasadena: Salem, 1998. Vol. 1. 301. Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1991. Walters, Gordon. â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye.† Masterplots Revised Second Edition. Ed. Magill, Frank N. Pasadena: Salem, 1996. Vol. 2. 1008-1009.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Digitalis Toxicity Report

The accounts of digitalis toxicity due to overdose in 1985 specify 1,015 cases including 584 patients that are below 6 years old and 56 patients aging 6-17 years old. The greater part of these documented toxicity cases (83%) come about without the purpose of overdosing (Kwon, 2006). The prevalence of digitalis toxicity had a rising trend for some time until it was acknowledged in the early 1990’s that reduction in toxicity cases was observed. Among the studies that concluded the decreased cases of digitalis toxicity was the research conducted by Haynes et al.In there study, it was noted that the cases of digitalis toxicity in United States and United Kingdom manifested a decreasing trend in the past two decades. Hospitalizations in relation to digitalis toxicity were notably reduced in United States whereas in United Kingdom the cases of ambulatory digitalis toxicity also lessened. The decreased incidence of digitalis toxicity in the U. S. is correlated to the diminished admin istration of this drug. The dilemma due to digitalis toxicity has significantly reduced in the two above mentioned countries (Haynes, et al, 2008).Though incidence of digitalis toxicity is turning to the decreasing side it is no reason to disregard the threats of toxicity that consumers of this substance are exposed to. Digitalis is drug extracted from the leaves of the plant called Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea). The utilization of foxglove as a medicinal plant already exists for centuries. But the popularity of this plant was not that intense until an English botanist and physician named William Withering in the 1700’s pioneered the establishing of digitalis as a cardiac drug.This doctor conducted a detailed study of digitalis. Withering was also responsible for the determination of the most effective preparation of the drug as well as the correct dosages for various heart ailments. This English physician was also responsible for the setting up the standards of when to abort the therapy using digitalis because of its toxic effects (NetIndustries, 2008). The mode of action of digitoxin involves the inhibition of the Na-K ATPase in myocytes to increase heart muscles contractility.The drug attach to the binding sites situated in the extra cytoplasm of the sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphate (Na-K ATPase) pump preventing the active transfer of Na and K across the cell membranes. The resulting high concentrations of sodium and calcium as well as the low amounts of potassium in the intracellular part of the muscle cell promotes the fourth stage myocardial action potential creating a decreased conduction velocity and amplification of ectopic activity.The end result boost in the contractility of heart muscles due to the action of digitalis is beneficial to various heart ailments (Kwon, 2006). This is utilized as a drug therapy for heart problems. This substance is specifically indicated in cases of persistent systolic heart failure symptoms despite the administration of diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and beta blocker; and, cases of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation.The objective of the therapy using digitoxin ranges from 0.5 to 1. 0 ng/mL. The administration of digitoxin is contraindicated in patients that are receiving primary therapy for acute decompensated heart failure stabilization and during cases of sinus or atrioventricular (AV) except for cases of prior pacemaker treatment applied (Kwon, 2006). Medicine administered within the range of its therapeutic dose rarely produce toxicity. The established daily therapeutic dose of digitoxin varies from 0. 0005 mg/kg (for young infants) to 0. 75 mg/kg (for mature individuals).This drug in tablet preparations has the estimated absorption of 70-80% and a bioavailability of 95%. In oral administrations (per os / PO), the action onset of digitoxin transpires after 30-120 minutes whereas in intravenous route action onset to occur requires onl y 5-30 minutes. The threshold of the effect of this drug after oral and intravenous routes is 2-6 hrs and 5-30 minutes respectively. An estimate of 60-80% of the digitoxin intake is excreted by the kidney without structure and properties change(Kwon, 2006). The lethal dose of this drug varies with the age of the patients.Doses above 10 mg per individual even in healthy adults will cause death but doses lower than 5 mg infrequently produces problems such as toxicity. In children, the intake of doses above 0. 3 mg/kg or 4 mg per individual often causes fatality (Kwon, 2006). The population which is highly at risked with the development of digitoxin toxicity are the infants and the old people. The threats of digitalis toxicity include intake of medicines like digitoxin and digoxin; and, digitalis interaction with other drugs like verapamil, amiodarone, and quinidine.Having below normal levels of potassium in the body such as the patients medicated with potassium losing diuretics is als o at risk of the toxic effects of digitalis. People with kidney damage and having little amounts of magnesium are also prone to digitalis toxicity. Caution should be observed in administering digitalis as well as other medicines to patients with kidney damage because the capacity of the body to excrete any drug taken is also diminished along with the kidney problem. Thus, the drug has the tendency to accumulate in the kidney and increasing the possibility of toxicity (â€Å"Digitalis Toxicity†).Occurrence of digitalis toxicity can be due to two mechanisms: the above therapeutic amounts of digitalis in the patient’s body, and the lowering of the patient’s digitalis tolerance. The toxicity can be caused by either or both of the mechanisms. The toxicity of this drug can happen with one exposure to the drug as well as the gradual toxicity. Some patients suffer the effects of digitalis toxicity despite the normal blood levels of this drug because of the existence of other digitalis toxicity risk factors (â€Å"Digitalis Toxicity†).Other disease and metabolic conditions that serve as risk factors of the toxic effects of this drug are: hypoxemia, hypothyroidism, and alkalosis (Kwon, 2006). The mortality rates due to digitalis toxicity vary with the details of the population. The direct consequence of cardiac toxicity in digitalis toxicity result to 3-21% mortality rate. Male individuals are more prone to this drug’s toxicity compared to the females. The young and old people have increased risks to digitalis toxicity than the other age brackets.Ingestion of digitalis medicines of their grandparents is the primary cause of toxicity among children (Kwon, 2006). The symptoms of toxicity due to digitalis include strange changes in vision like color perception problems, blurring of vision, having visual blind spots, and having visual bright light spots; nausea; vomiting; pulse irregularities; appetite loss; palpitations; confusion; genera l swelling; lower urine volume; lowered consciousness; and, breathing difficulty during lying down (â€Å"Digitalis Toxicity†).The treatment regimen for digitalis toxicities comprise of specific, symptomatic, and supportive therapy phases. The supportive therapy phase for this toxicity case consists of electrolyte imbalance correction, dehydration treatment using IV fluids, and oxygen support equipped with ventilation. It is frequently prescribed by medical practitioners to supplement potassium in cases wherein the patient has potassium levels lower than 4 mmol/L.The recommendation of diuresis induction is not approved due to the tendency to aggravate the electrolyte imbalances and the renal excretion of the drug is not enhanced by this process (Kwon, 2006). The specific therapy phase involves the administration of digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments that are noted to be of significant success in treating severe acute digitalis toxicity. This drug is sort of the antidote for digitalis toxicities as well as other complications in relation to digitalis.Immediate administration of digoxin-specific Fab antibody is recommended upon deducing digitalis toxicity. The prompt treatment digoxin immune fab will decrease the morbidity and mortality rates of digitalis toxicities. To contradict arrhythmias that might occur in digitalis toxicity treatment with phynetoin is advised (Kwon, 2006). The recommended method for gastrointestinal cleansing is the utilization of multiple-dose activated charcoal (1gram/kilogram weight of patient/day). Administration of ipecac syrup to induce emesis is contraindicated due to the activation of the vagal tones.Other possible methodologies of eliminating the toxic amounts of digitalis in a patient’s body are gastric lavage, whole-bowel irrigations, and steroid binding resins like colestipol and cholestyramine. These three aforementioned therapeutic regimens though have constraints like the vagal effects and the lack of sub stantial data to support their efficacy in these toxicity cases (Kwon, 2006). Even if the incidence of digitalis toxicity cases have plunged the vigilance regarding this condition should not stop.The drug prescriptions of digitalis for heart problems should be ensured by the medical practitioners to be under the therapeutic dosages. The availability of this drug to children should also be eliminated to prevent the accidental ingestion of this drug. Since digitalis in an important cardiac drug various researches has been conducted involving this medicinal substance. The medical industry should not stop there though; further studies can still be done to improve the value of digitalis as a therapeutic agent without compromising the patient’s safety.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Kate Winslet Essay Essay Example

Kate Winslet Essay Essay Example Kate Winslet Essay Essay Kate Winslet Essay Essay These past few old ages of senior high school have had its ups and downs. but overall it’s been astonishing. I’d like to thank my friends and household for ever believing in me. Praises to the grads of 2013. see you all in 10 old ages! A know aparting reader may take pleasance in reading â€Å"The Destructors† . over an immature reader. A know aparting reader is a reader that takes deep pleasance in fiction that trades with life significantly. expects characters. secret plan and subjects that are complex or realistic and that may dispute his or her beliefs and position of world. This means that a discriminatory reader would bask reading interpretative literature. like â€Å"The Destructors† . â€Å"The Destructors† will appeal to a discriminating reader because it deals with life jobs and events that have happened. a deeper significance and the subject and the narrative challenges beliefs and positions of world. â€Å"The Destructors† demonstrates life jobs and events that have happened in history. this intrigues a discriminatory reader into desiring to read the book or narrative. The narrative shows life jobs. where there are packs that are desiring to do problem and allow loose ; merely have freedoms and non allow others or themselves have particular intervention. An illustration of this is when Old Misery offers so gang three bundles of smarties and the it’s stood there â€Å"puzzled and perturbed by this action and tried to explicate it off. ‘Bet person dropped them and he picked ’em up. ’ . † They tried to believe of all different grounds why Mr. Thomas would make this and they figured it was a payoff. This would do a discriminatory reader maintain reading. as the narrative is besides set clip is during the London blitz were bombs destroyed 100s of house and topographic points. Not merely does a discriminatory reader become interested by life jobs and historical events. but besides by the subject and deeper significance. A discriminatory reader. unlike an immature reader. can calculate out the deeper significance or subject of a narrative easy and making this keeps them interested. The these is non normally easy present in a narrative that a discriminatory reader would read because they would desire to remain interested and seek to calculate it out as they read it by themselves. The subject of â€Å"The Destructors† is non artlessness because the war has taken that off from them and replaced it with something the reader can do up and believe. The reader. being discriminatory. expects the subject to be complex and realistic. and as the narrative continues the male childs. Blackie and T. . have a conversation about the one thing T. wants to destruct. † ‘We’ll fire them [ the notes/money ] . one by one’ and taking it in turns they held a note upwards and lit the top corner. so that the fire burned easy towards their fingers. The Grey ask floated above them and fell on their caputs like age. † This makes the readers think the they’re non to be artlessness any longer by selfishness and defiance. besides the war has â€Å"aged† them by non giving them a childhood. From what has been said. a know aparting reader is able to calculate out a deeper significance by analysing and anticipating or thinking what the subject and significance of the narrative is to be. Through making so. they may dispute their beliefs and position of world. As a discriminatory reader reads a narrative. along the manner they challenge their ain beliefs every bit good as the writers belief. Whole making this. they could comprehend world otherwise or dispute how or why world was done this manner. In peculiar. the discriminatory reader may read. † ‘Of class I don’t detest him [ Old Misery ] ’ . I said. ‘There’d be no merriment if I hated him. ‘ The last combustion note light his dwelling face. ‘All this hatred and love. ’ he said. ‘it’s soft. it’s stuff. There’s merely things. Blackie. ’ he looked round the room crowded with unfamiliar shadows of half things. broken things. [ and ] former things. † A reader may see this and believe do I truly necessitate this or that and dispute what they believe in and if something is right or incorrect. better or worse. Overall. the discriminatory reader Loos at a narrative and challenges why they believe or don’t believe this and how come world is this manner. Discriminating readers can utilize many ways to look at a narrative and analyse it ; they may take pleasance in to why the narrative trades with life jobs and events in history. besides the subject and or deeper significance. every bit good as disputing beliefs and world. â€Å"The Destructors† demonstrates all of these and that is why this narrative could be appealing to a discriminatory reader.